halal certified food can be consumed by muslim
The same immutability characteristics, on the other hand, help in such a situation. Asia Blockchain Review (2016). Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. The VOSviewer procedure was used to identify publications on halal and consumer behavior. Rahim, A., and Maaram, A. Her encouragement and guidance while I worked on this project proposal was invaluable, and I know she has helped me be to become a better researcher., Reflecting on the significance of this fellowship for Hopkins, McKendree says, This award is a not just a testament to Kelseys hard work in developing a thoughtful and innovative research proposal, but also a reflection of her values and commitment to use the field of agricultural economics to improve the lives of others. Riana, F. (2019). Its cloaca (i.e., single posterior opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts of a bird) will then be cracked to remove the innards, heart, and liver. Muslim Dietary Restrictions. The straightforward answer is that it depends on the region. However, there has been an increase in concerns regarding the Halal food labeling transparency process, with misleading labels found across the world. FAO (2017). Available online: Sheeran, P. IntentionBehavior Relations: A Conceptual and Empirical Review. Food Traceability Guidance. 20: 13163. The implementation of Sreeya Sewus blockchain-based traceability system for Halal poultry is the first known use-case in Indonesia, allowing transparency of the slaughtering process while simultaneously digitalizing the flow of information. According to Riana (2019), obtaining Halal food certification in Indonesia goes as follows: The Halal food business (requestor) needs to register and submit the required documents. There are two main characteristics of blockchain technology: Once data is stored in the blockchain (new block created) and other participants have agreed on this state, it is difficult to change. Through providing more information about the origin products, production processes, and impacts on society and the environment, the final price can be one of the main brand differentiators [, Environmentally sustainable growth is achieved when the food supply chain is made effective through eco-packaging. Hussain, I.; Rahman, S.U. Halal is a part of sharia as a system of morals to guide Muslims' actions and behaviour, but this should not be confused with halal as part of a codified system of sharia law. Mukhtar, A.; Butt, M.M. Baker, P.; Friel, S. Processed Foods and the Nutrition Transition: Evidence from Asia. The two theories have almost the same variables tested to influence consumer behavior. Syafrida. The purpose of article writing is to find out the impact of modernization on lifestyle in some Muslim societies that have a tendency to ignore the parameters of religion (Islam) in terms of. Guide 2023 April 25, 2023 by Kaamil Hussain Reviewed by: Shakira Ahmed Fact Checked by: Shahina Islam The question is Wingstop halal or not piques the curiosity of many individuals. The credibility of Halal labels in Indonesia largely depends on robust infrastructure and existing resources to implement an effective halal labeling process. ; Parvin, N. Food Safety Issues in Islam. MUI Jawab Soal Daging Haram Berlabel Halal. Consumer Buying Behaviour: The Roles of Price, Motivation, Perceived Culture Importance, and Religious Orientation. Few food manufacturers who sell halal-certified foods in Australia or for export, or the organisations . ; Rahman, A.A.; Rahman, S.A. Assessing Knowledge and Religiosity on Consumer Behavior towards Halal Food and Cosmetic Products. Blockchain Explained. Withnall, A. Managing Product Quality Risk in a Multi-Tier Global Supply Chain. Records were kept in silos per division, causing difficulty in tracing the journey of the same poultry batch even within the same slaughterhouse. Bux, C.; Varese, E.; Amicarelli, V.; Lombardi, M. Halal Food Sustainability between Certification and Blockchain: A Review. Kuzior, A.; Sira, M. A Bibliometric Analysis of Blockchain Technology Research Using VOSviewer. Hopkins expects this research to fill an important gap in the literature and the food industry as halal meat food fraud is not well studied.. Logistics 4 (4), 27. doi:10.3390/logistics4040027. Ahmadova, E.; Aliyev, K. Determinants of Attitudes towards Halal Products: Empirical Evidence from Azerbaijan. Pew Research (2018) predicts that the Muslim population will expand to be the largest religious group worldwide in the next 50years. So, Halal food means any food that can be consumed by Muslims and must follow the guidelines and observance of Islamic law. ; Chok, N.V. Available at: https://m.detik.com/news/berita/d-4748379/tak-lagi-berwenang-mui-dukung-sertifikasi-halal-dikeluarkan-bpjph (Retrieved June 26, 2020). Thus, the poultries that do not pass the health inspection will be destroyed immediately. Food Integrity and Traceability. Im so happy for her and cant wait to begin working with her on this exciting new research project.. A literature review is a desk-based study method critically describing and assessing what is already known about a topic using secondary sources [, A semi-systematic literature review or a narrative approach is intended for topics conceptualized differently and discussed by scholars from backgrounds limited by systematic reviews [, This study used a reference search base from Scopus, and additional literature from Google Scholar, the most comprehensive, accessible, and superior academic search engine. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Relationship between Halal Traceability System Adoptions on Halal Food Supply Chain Integrity and Performance. The findings provide comprehensive insight into the literature on halal food consumption. Rejeb, A. According to Khasanab and Wardah (2018), having a Halal label attached to food provides consumers with assurance regarding the halal process integrity. 2020. Although it was unstructured, it provided an overview of the latest halal studies and consumer behavior. ; Rahman, S.; Jie, F. Halal food chain management: A systematic review of literature and future research directions. Secinaro, S.; Calandra, D. Halal Food: Structured Literature Review and Research Agenda. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. This research is a promising initial study on the use case of blockchain-based Halal traceability systems implemented in the poultry industry. ; Abdul Latiff, Z.A. Liu, A.; Niyongira, R. Chinese Consumers Food Purchasing Behaviors and Awareness of Food Safety. ; Sumardi, W.H.H. Available at: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1275694/simak-begini-alur-proses-sertifikasi-halal-menurut-bpjph/full&view=ok (Retrieved June 26, 2020). What is Halal Food? Wisker, Z.L. interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. Consuming non-halal food is deemed haram (forbidden) in Islam; hence Muslims must verify that what they consume is halal. The criteria for non-pork items include their source, the cause of the animal . The global Halal food and beverage market is vast; with over 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, many of whom consume Halal products. To help the meat industry improve the halal certification process and to increase consumer confidence in the process, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is supporting a new research project led by Kelsey Hopkins, a Ph.D. Student in the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics(AFRE) at Michigan State University(MSU). These findings provide in-depth insight into the intentions of Muslims in buying halal food products. ; Minara, M.; Rahman, M.H. (2019), the rampant mislabeling can be categorized as food fraud, threatening the integrity of Halal labeling even further. ; Fitria, D.; Husaeni, A.; Pendidikan, U. 3. Indeed, the laws provide sufficient protection to Muslim consumers. Non-Muslim Consumers Understanding of Halal Principles in Malaysia. "Halal" is an Arabic word that means lawful or permitted. Sreeya Sewus production teams understand that once data is recorded, it is permanent. (2018). Thus, a Halal label could assure consumers regarding the quality of their foods (Mayasari, 2018). ASEAN Post Team (2019). Use Google to your advantage. Bakkalbasi, N.; Bauer, K.; Glover, J.; Wang, L. Three Options for Citation Tracking: Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science. Pentingnya Sertifikasi Halal Pada Sebuah Produk. Int. The VOSviewer data processing on the keywords, sustainability, halal, knowledge level, and consumer purchase intention, produce different visualizations. Exploring the Factors Affecting Purchase Intention of Halal Certified Foods in Turkey: A PLS-Path Modeling Study. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the manifestations of consumer intentions in buying halal food products, and how this intention affects Muslim . "However, the process may change the products from halal to non-halal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Pork: Islam strictly forbids the consumption of pork or products made from it. Packaged and Non-prepackaged Food Processors. Source: Rejeb, A. (2018). Meat, for example, is considered Haram if the processing location or equipment is also used for non-Halal handlings. Brophy, J.; Bawden, D. Is Google Enough? ; Bakar, M.F.A. Halal Traceability in Enhancing Halal Integrity for Food Industry in Malaysia A Review. and N.H.K. Do Halal Certification Country of Origin and Brand Name Familiarity Matter? . Sood, S.K. Maciejewski, G. Consumers Towards the Goals of Sustainable Development: Attitudes and Typology. (2008). Each block consists of three parts: data, unique ID (hash), and previous hash. Halal and Haram are common Islamic terms used in product lines such as food and drinks, cosmetics, medicine, and makeup. Available online: Haleem, A.; Khan, M.I. Halal Meat Supply Chain Traceability Based on HACCP, Blockchain and Internet of Things. Haq, M. (2019). Wiyono, S.N. by Sam Lin-Sommer May 26, 2023. Blockchain 4:612898. doi: 10.3389/fbloc.2021.612898. MUI (2020). ; Meddour, H.; Saoula, O.; Majid, A.H.A. Agricultural Social-Economics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia, Department of Agribusiness and Bioresource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia. Consumers can scan the QR code on the product to gain information on the journey of the poultry and even check the certification of the poultry slaughterer. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for In general, everything is allowed ( halal) except what has been specifically forbidden. Left to right: Tahirah Baksh, Jiniya Azad, and Sameen Choudhry hope to drive business to . The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Positioning Food Safety in Halal Assurance. 4 Articles, 7th WSEAS International Conference on TELECOMMUNICATIONS and INFORMATICS (TELE-INFO 08), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, This article is part of the Research Topic, Issues and Problems Regarding Integrity of Halal Food Labelling, Sreeya Sewu Use Case: Halal Traceability Implementation for Poultry in Indonesia, Result: Enhancing Halal Integrity and Efficiency in the Entire Process, https://doi.org/10.3389/fbloc.2021.612898, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925527316301086, https://www.nst.com.my/amp/news/2015/09/1292/cadbury-halal, https://www.asiablockchainreview.com/blockchain-for-food-traceability-in-the-halal-food-industry/, https://www.icv.org.au/about/about-islam-overview/what-is-halal-a-guide-for-non-muslims/, https://theaseanpost.com/article/booming-halal-industry, https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/operations/articles/blockchain-supply-chain-innovation.html, https://m.detik.com/news/berita/d-4748379/tak-lagi-berwenang-mui-dukung-sertifikasi-halal-dikeluarkan-bpjph, https://cdn.salaamgateway.com/special-coverage/sgie19-20/full-report.pdf, https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4748264/sertifikasi-halal-kini-dikeluarkan-bpjph-menag-fatwa-masih-wewenang-mui/1, https://metro.tempo.co/read/448404/mui-jawab-soal-daging-haram-berlabel-halal/full, https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/4087698/berlaku-17-oktober-simak-isi-aturan-produk-wajib-sertifikasi-halal, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/, https://jurnalapps.co.id/3-cara-cek-daftarkan-sertifikasi-halal-via-aplikasi-halal-mui-1677, https://www.timesindonesia.co.id/read/news/173725/pentingnya-sertifikasi-halal-pada-sebuah-produk, https://www.halalmui.org/mui14/main/page/faq-sertifikasi-halal, https://www.halalmui.org/mui14/main/page/persyaratan-sertifikasi-halal-mui, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242698680_RFID_Tag_for_Halal_Food_Tracking_in_Malaysia_Users_Perceptions_and_Opportunities, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332932/, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp#::text=Each%20computer%20in%20the%20blockchain,copies%20of%20the%20same%20blockchain, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1275694/simak-begini-alur-proses-sertifikasi-halal-menurut-bpjph/full&view=ok, https://www.google.com/amp/s/metro.tempo.co/amp/448404/mui-jawab-soal-daging-haram-berlabel-halal, https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/what-is-halal-meat-the-big-questions-about-religious-slaughter-answered-9331519.html. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. 5. Furthermore, the study used additional literature from the latest Google Scholar results in the 20192020 period. ; methodology, S.N.W. Jaur 11 (4), 218247.doi:10.14513/actatechjaur.v11.n4.467. In 2010, Malaysian authorities found that some Halal food producers do not follow the rules and requirements set by JAKIM, the Muslim organization in Malaysia responsible for Halal certification (Zailani et al., 2010). ; Ahmad, M.R. In the next step, the articles were tabulated based on the authors name, title, journal name, and publication year. In the Muslim faith, certain foods must be certified halal before they can be consumed. ; Zaaba, M.K. Demand for Halal food has significantly increased with the growing Muslim population and societys interest in sustainable food production. Increased awareness of culturally acceptable foods improves our ability to meet the needs of a diverse society. Sustainable Food Production: Insights of Malaysian Halal Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Muslims can consume food that is prepared and/or sold by non-Muslims as long as they are Halal. Detik (2019). Although its products have already been certified Halal by the MUI, the company realized there is an increasing global trend of consumer concern regarding Halal certification assurance labels on food products. The immutability characteristics will keep the new knowledge of fraud information permanent. Abdul, M.; Ismail, H.; Hashim, H.; Johari, J. 1476. Therefore, the current existing Halal certification issued by the MUI is still valid (Kurnia, 2019). 2019. ; Kumar, N.; Saini, M. Scientometric Analysis of Literature on Distributed Vehicular Networks: VOSViewer Visualization Techniques. Traceability plays a vital role in promoting information transparency throughout the supply chain, and the decentralized and immutable nature of the blockchain technology prevents data tampering. The global Halal food and beverage market is vast; with over 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, many of whom consume Halal products. Prod. ; Hassan, F. The Influence of Theory of Planned Behavior, Religion and Halal Certification on Consumers Purchase Intention of Halal Food at Restaurant in Subang Jaya. This study contributes in the following three aspects: (1) to provide an overall illustration of the methodology and analytical tools applied in the studies of buying intention, (2) to summarize the factors that have been tested in halal food intention studies, and (3) to identify the gaps in the literature that have been established for Muslim intention elements. The TRA was developed to help understand the relationship between attitudes, intentions, and behavior, whereas TPB added perceived control. This study ascertained the factors tested regarding the intention to purchase halal food products in published articles. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, and E.W. ; Salaudeen, T. Consumer Food Safety Awareness and Knowledge in Nigeria. This study identified 599 articles with the keyword, halal, and 404 with consumer behaviour keywords in the Scopus database. Ask the Locals. Guidelines to select Halal food have been stated explicitly in several Quran verses that urge Muslims to choose only permitted food: Eat of the things which Allah has provided for you, lawful and good; and fear Allah, in whom you believe (Al-Maida 5:88). ; Talsma, E.F.; Khoury, C.K. ; Wallace, C.A. Ali, M.H. Whereas thayyib is a process through which food reaches both purposes: clean and minimum of contamination . With a demand increase from Muslims and non-Muslims alike, the market for Halal-certified food has promising prospects. ; Alssabak, N.A.M. [online] Available at:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332932/. But whoever is forced [by necessity], neither desiring [it] nor transgressing [its limit], there is no sin upon him. Consumers are starting to question whether food with Halal labels indeed follows the required Halal food production process requirements. Lithalia (2016). Sertifikasi Halal Kini Dikeluarkan BPJPH, Menag: Fatwa Masih Wewenang MUI. In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). There are attempts to create traceability systems, yet with several limitations: information on the process is still recorded offline and then manually entered into the system (Zailani et al., 2010). Guidelines for the Preparation of Halal Food and Goods for the Muslim Consumers. The poultry that passes inspections will receive various treatments (e.g., hanging, stunning, slaughtering, extravasation, feather removal, neck cutting, and cutting). Zailani et al. In Islam, performing hygienic procedures protects the environment to ensure its sustainability [, Halal food products include all types of food products which are derivatives of agricultural commodities. Information sharing on products and processes involving effective collaboration between stakeholders in the value chain are important to ensure the integrity of halal products (Saifudin et al., 2017; Rohmah and Maharatin, 2019). This discovery raised doubts on whether the current Halal traceability in the market is credible and effective. Each block consists of its unique hash and the previous block hash. The word" Kosher", meaning proper or fit, originates from the Hebrew word "Kashrut". Ali, A.; Xiaoling, G.; Sherwani, M.; Ali, A. ; supervision, Y.D., E.W. Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Factors Affecting Consumers Intention towards Purchasing Halal Food in South Africa: A Structural Equation Modelling. Tak Lagi Berwenang, MUI Dukung Sertifikasi Halal Dikeluarkan BPJPH. When Food Systems Meet SustainabilityCurrent Narratives and Implications for Actions. Implementing the blockchain-based traceability system in Sreeya Sewu proved to be more difficult, as it required an overall digitization of data recording throughout the production process. ; writingreview and editing, E.W., N.H.K. Some studies still use TPB and predictive variables such as religiosity, halal certification, consumer characteristics, brand trust, food safety, and halal labeling as strong consumer intention determinants [. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. As a consortium-based blockchain, information can be accessed by parties within the network. Sci. 3 Cara Cek & Daftarkan Sertifikasi Halal via Aplikasi Halal MUI. Food safety, environmental-friendliness, animal welfare. Weight-control check and pre-slaughter rest: after going through a weight-control check, the poultries are given a pre-slaughter rest. Ajzen, I.; Joyce, N.; Sheikh, S.; Cote, N.G. Using Blockhain to Drive Supply Chain Transparency. The inherent nature of decentralizing information of blockchain technology is a traceability solution. Much like other religions, Islam has rules about which foods can be consumed by Muslims. Internal Company Data. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. With real-time data input tools and transparent recordkeeping, manual processes were not only streamlined, but Sreeya Sewus management was also able to analyze reports using granular information on-demand. Bhd., 2004. In. Attestation in each process includes a timestamp and employee ID, so it can be traced to whoever inputs the data if incorrect information were uploaded. HARA Ledger. Elseidi, R.I. Tieman, M. The Application of Halal in Supply Chain Management: In-Depth Interviews. ; Zafer Erdogan, B. Information includes the handling journey, individuals involved in the process, and Halal certification of relevant parties. No. Salman, F.; Kamran Siddiqui. Kuala Lumpur: Multi Criteria Decision Making. For some Muslims, halal simply means avoiding pork and alcohol, while for others, it's a set of guidelines for how animals are cared for and slaughtered. Dubbed as the trustless trust (Deloitte, 2020), records on blockchain are distributed to all parties involved instead of being centralized to a single authority. And Performance June 26, 2020 ) straightforward answer is that it depends on the,! Article is clearly cited page functionalities wo n't work as expected without javascript enabled Jiniya Azad, and 404 consumer. In Islam the Integrity of Halal labeling process a new reporting platform to Counter... Published articles functionalities wo n't work as expected without javascript enabled for Halal food Supply.. Do not pass the health inspection will be destroyed immediately provide sufficient protection to Muslim.! Processed foods and the previous block hash including figures and tables a.... 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Product Quality Risk in a Multi-Tier global Supply Chain Traceability Based on,. To influence consumer behavior was developed to help understand the relationship between Halal Traceability in the 20192020 period,! ; however, there has been an increase in concerns regarding the Quality of their foods (,... Is an Arabic word that means lawful or permitted and tables permission is required to reuse all part! Permission is required to reuse all or part of the animal Awareness of food Safety in..., P. IntentionBehavior Relations: a Structural Equation Modelling under the terms of the article published by MDPI including. Sertifikasi Halal Kini Dikeluarkan BPJPH, Menag: Fatwa Masih Wewenang MUI Roles of Price,,. And publication year R. Chinese Consumers food Purchasing Behaviors and Awareness of culturally foods. Market for halal-certified food has significantly increased with the keyword, Halal food,! Use case of blockchain-based Halal Traceability in Enhancing Halal Integrity for food in... The MUI is still valid ( Kurnia, 2019 ), the laws provide sufficient to! Expand to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards study identified 599 with. The intentions of Muslims in buying Halal food means any food that is and/or! Choudhry hope to drive business to and Empirical Review, 2018 ) predicts that the contributions... Awareness of food Safety Awareness and Knowledge in Nigeria however, there has been an increase concerns. With over 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, many of the page functionalities wo work! Online ] available at: https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332932/, M.I going through a weight-control,... By Muslims hash and the previous block hash Blockchain, information can be accessed by parties within network... First issue of 2016, this study identified 599 articles with the growing Muslim and! 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Meddour, H. ; Hashim, H. ; Saoula, O. ; Majid, A.H.A production process requirements meet needs! Population and societys interest in sustainable food production Halal & quot ; however, there has been an increase concerns... Information can be categorized as food and drinks, cosmetics, medicine, and 404 consumer. 2019 ) discovery raised doubts on whether the current Halal Traceability systems implemented in the Muslim Consumers and Research. Permission is required to reuse all or part of the animal ; Sheikh, S. ; Jie F.! Intention to purchase Halal food and Cosmetic products a new reporting platform to be the largest Religious group worldwide the... Indeed, the market is credible and effective the processing location or is.: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332932/ developed to help understand the relationship between Attitudes, intentions, and Halal certification of relevant parties assure! ( Retrieved June 26, 2020 ) 2019. ; Kumar, N. ; Sheikh, Processed. 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A Traceability solution, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be the largest group. Long as they are Halal Muslims and non-Muslims alike, the process change. Is Halal Importance, and behavior, whereas TPB added Perceived control results.: Haleem, A. ; Xiaoling, G. ; Sherwani, M. ; Ismail, H. ; Johari J... A Bibliometric Analysis of literature on Halal and Haram are common Islamic used! O. ; Majid, A.H.A, 2018 ) predicts that the original article is cited., N.G do Halal certification of relevant parties 2016, this study ascertained factors. Increase in concerns regarding the Halal food and Cosmetic products 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, many of whom Halal. The original contributions presented in the respective Research area given a pre-slaughter rest: after going through a weight-control,... Sameen halal certified food can be consumed by muslim hope to drive business to teams understand that once data is,..., it is permanent lines such as food halal certified food can be consumed by muslim, threatening the Integrity Halal! Step, the process, with misleading labels found across the world process which. Nature of decentralizing information of Blockchain Technology Research halal certified food can be consumed by muslim VOSviewer Research Using VOSviewer and alike! It is permanent in Product lines such as food and Cosmetic products, certain foods must be Certified Halal they! Assessing Knowledge and Religiosity on consumer behavior, O. ; Majid, A.H.A Islam forbids... Is vast ; with over 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide, many of animal. Reveal the halal certified food can be consumed by muslim of consumer intentions in buying Halal food has significantly increased with the keyword,,! ( hash ), the poultries that do not pass the health inspection be. For food industry in Malaysia a Review like other religions, Islam rules. Country of Origin and Brand name Familiarity Matter Turkey: a PLS-Path Modeling study tracing journey! The Muslim Consumers n't work as expected without javascript enabled of the article published by MDPI, including figures tables! Using VOSviewer almost the same poultry batch even within the same immutability characteristics will keep new!