hindu god of fertility shiva

[48] The version appearing in Book 13 (Anusanaparvan) of the Mahabharata provides one such list. The three-day Shivarathri celebration at the temple is attended by around 250,000 people. Her vulva fell in Assam, India. Vinaya Ghimire (author) from Nepal on January 02, 2013: Hi Deborah, I'm glad that you found this interesting. Kalyanasundara-murti (Sanskrit -, literally "icon of beautiful marriage") is the depiction of Shiva's marriage to Parvati. Devi has taken on many forms in the past, including Kali, the goddess of death, and Sati, the goddess of marital felicity. Rudra, a Rigvedic deity with fearsome powers, was the god of the roaring storm. Gregor Maehle (2009), Ashtanga Yoga, New World, For quotation defining the Trimurti see Matchett, Freda. Problems and Methods of the History of Religions. [279][280][281], Dakshinamurthy (Sanskrit ; Dakimrti)[282] is a form (mrti) of Shiva (literally, "[facing] south form"). Vajrayana Buddhism makes extensive use of fertility symbols and fertility rituals. [373][374], In Mahayana Buddhism, Shiva is depicted as Maheshvara, a deva living in Akanishta Devaloka. not by any other means. Moon, a male deity in Hinduism, symbolizes beauty and fertility. The similarities in the dance iconography suggests that there may be a link between ancient Indra and Shiva. Ganges, moon and snakes are fertility symbols, and associated with fertility rituals in Hinduism. He wears a garland of skulls and a serpent around his neck and carries in his two (sometimes four) hands a deerskin, a trident, a small hand drum, or a club with a skull at the end. Vinaya Ghimire (author) from Nepal on September 05, 2012: I recommend these wonderful hub authors to the hub community. Shiva and his family at the burning ground. In Nepal, there is a tradition of invoking Goddess Kumari in young girls and worshiping them as Living Goddess. Young Nepali girls performing fertility rituals. He destroys both the cosmos as well as people's imperfections so that the world can be reborn and people can become perfect. The Shiva-related tradition is a major part of Hinduism, found all over the Indian subcontinent, such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka,[51] and Southeast Asia, such as Bali, Indonesia. Sati Devis organs fell on different parts of the earth. [57][60] Khandoba's varied associations also include an identification with Surya[57] and Karttikeya. She cups her two hands and holds a banana, the cupped hand is the Yoni-vulva and the banana is the Lingam-phallus. The Skanda Purana, for example, states: Vishnu is no one but Shiva, and he who is called Shiva is but identical with Vishnu. As Lord of Cattle (Pashupata), he is the benevolent herdsmanor, at times, the merciless slaughterer of the beasts that are the human souls in his care. . Today, this tradition is kept alive by the President. For the five syllable mantra see: For discussion of these five forms and a table summarizing the associations of these five mantras see: For association with the five faces and other groups of five, see: For variation in attributions among texts, see: Monier Williams (1899), Sanskrit to English Dictionary, , p. 901. Shashti is of special importance in eastern India and Bengal,. [note 4] The identification between Agni and Rudra in the Vedic literature was an important factor in the process of Rudra's gradual transformation into Rudra-Shiva. [304] The source of the universe is the signless, and all of the universe is the manifested Linga, a union of unchanging Principles and the ever changing nature. Procreation, or fertility to be precise, is represented with symbols, rituals and prayers in religious practices. [91] In RV 2.33, he is described as the "Father of the Rudras", a group of storm gods. Shiva, (Sanskrit: "Auspicious One") also spelled iwa or iva, one of the main deities of Hinduism, whom Shaivites worship as the supreme god. However, in texts and artwork of either tradition, the mutual salutes are symbolism for complementarity. [63] In that era, Shiva was widely viewed as both the god of lust and of asceticism. And all beings in him, [81] Others contest such proposals, and suggest Shiva to have emerged from indigenous pre-Aryan tribal origins. He is also associated with fertility. [368] He is clad in tiger skin while his attendants are wearing Sogdian dress. [377] The name is the Japanese equivalent of Mahkla, the Buddhist name for Shiva. Shiva icons are carried in procession in some places. Bhikshatana (Sanskrit ; Bhikana) is a form (mrti) of Shiva (literally "wandering about for alms, mendicancy" [286]). Ghurye, G.S., 1952. For example, in the Hanuman Chalisa, Hanuman is identified as the eleventh avatar of Shiva. According to traditional etymologies, the Sanskrit name Rudra is derived from the root rud-, which means "to cry, howl". Reach that 1,000 hub and 10,000 followers , this is not impossible for you to achieve . Anan Celeste from California on August 26, 2012: A must read! This may point to an "osmosis" of ideas in medieval India, states Srinivasan. Devotees of Shiva are called "Saivites.". Goddess Kali is depicted as Terrible Goddess sanding upon Shiva. His name is also spelled iwaoriva. According to another well-known myth, Ganesha was born when Parvati created him out of the dirt she rubbed off during a bath, and he received his elephant head from Shiva, who was responsible for beheading him. In the classic book that is used as a reference for the puppeteers, it is said that Sanghyang Manikmaya or Batara Guru was created from a sparkling light by Sang Hyang Tunggal, along with the blackish light which is the origin of Ismaya. [378], Daikokuten is a Shiva-kuninushi fusion deity in Japan[379], Acala is a fierce Shiva adaptation in both China and Japan[380], Statue of Shiva depicted as a Chinese Buddhist deva on Mount Putuo Guanyin Dharma Realm in Zhejiang, China, In contemporary culture, Shiva is depicted in art, films, books, tattoos, etc. Yoni Mudra is a fertility symbol in Hinduism. [349], Some Shaktism-related festivals revere Shiva along with the goddess considered primary and Supreme. [118], A few texts such as Atharvashiras Upanishad mention Rudra, and assert all gods are Rudra, everyone and everything is Rudra, and Rudra is the principle found in all things, their highest goal, the innermost essence of all reality that is visible or invisible. Although some of the combinations of roles may be explained by Shivas identification with earlier mythological figures, they arise primarily from a tendency in Hinduism to see complementary qualities in a single ambiguous figure. [71] Semi-circular shapes on the head were interpreted as two horns. Lord Indra stands as a symbol of male sexual potency with Vajra, the thunderbolt, on his hand. This form of Shiva is associated with his penance for committing brahmicide, and with his encounters with the sages and their wives in the Deodar forest. Most of the people in India and Nepal, predominantly Hindu countries, live close to the earth and move with agricultural calendar, or perhaps more accurately the eartha reality that has not changed with time. Like Shaiva literature that presents Shiva as supreme, the Vaishnava literature presents Vishnu as supreme. [121] Here Rudra-Shiva is identified as the creator of the cosmos and liberator of Selfs from the birth-rebirth cycle. The more I learn about Hinduism the more entranced I am with it. [111]) Indra, like Shiva, is likened to a bull. People, mostly women and girls, place their forehead on the genital as a part of their worshiping. During these festivals women undergo rigid fasting and cleanse their mind and body and perform fertility rituals. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [72], Gavin Flood states that it is not clear from the seal that the figure has three faces, is seated in a yoga posture, or even that the shape is intended to represent a human figure. Fertility symbols are used in different cultures and faiths. [301] Nataraja is a significant visual interpretation of Brahman and a dance posture of Shiva. That explains why Shiva acolytes need to touch his testicles before entering. [179] The Kushan period set includes Shiva, Vishnu, Surya, Brahma and one deity whose identity is unclear. This form of Shiva is associated with his destruction of the three cities (Tripura) of the Asuras. Hindu mythologies brim with the stories of Indras amorous advances. [356], In Indonesian Shaivism the popular name for Shiva has been Batara Guru, which is derived from Sanskrit Bhattraka which means "noble lord". For the bird, see, "Manjunatha" redirects here. The consorts of Shiva are the source of his creative energy. Hindu's gods and all have always been very complex for me but your writing in a way that makes it enjoyable and easier to get a hold of and understand, Vin my friend. It is good to see that women celebrate menopause. (2.20.3,[note 7] 6.45.17,[109][110] and 8.93.3. Literal meaning of Chinnamasta is decapitation. Forgive me for not being able to reply your comments individually. [346], Thiruvathira is a festival observed in Kerala dedicated to Shiva. [340], There is a Shivaratri in every lunar month on its 13th night/14th day,[341] but once a year in late winter (February/March) and before the arrival of spring, marks Maha Shivaratri which means "the Great Night of Shiva". [42] The name ambhu (Sanskrit: swam-on its own; bhu-burn/shine) "self-shining/ shining on its own", also reflects this benign aspect. [58] Khandoba has been assimilated as a form of Shiva himself,[59] in which case he is worshipped in the form of a lingam. Alastar Packer from North Carolina on August 26, 2012: Interesting with Tantrism's critical union looking like the Star of David. Unmatta Bhairava is one of the Bhairavas, who is associated with fertility. [80] The similarities between the iconography and theologies of Shiva with Greek and European deities have led to proposals for an Indo-European link for Shiva,[81][82] or lateral exchanges with ancient central Asian cultures. [107] Doniger gives several reasons for her hypothesis. [86][87] The ancient Greek texts of the time of Alexander III of Macedonia call Shiva as "Indian Dionysus", or alternatively call Dionysus as "god of the Orient". [351][352], The ascetic, Vedic and Tantric sub-traditions related to Shiva, such as those that became ascetic warriors during the Islamic rule period of India,[353][354] celebrate the Kumbha Mela festival. HubPages is a registered trademark of The Arena Platform, Inc. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. [184][185][187] Abhinavagupta writes in his notes on the relevance of ideas related to Shiva and Yoga, by stating that "people, occupied as they are with their own affairs, normally do nothing for others", and Shiva and Yoga spirituality helps one look beyond, understand interconnectedness, and thus benefit both the individual and the world towards a more blissful state of existence. The most prominent deity depicted was a fierce-faced naked male with ahorned head. I printed this one for my collection. Indus Source, 2006. [24] The root words of iva in folk etymology are which means "in whom all things lie, pervasiveness" and va which means "embodiment of grace". [337][338][339] Some medieval era writers have called the Advaita Vedanta philosopher Adi Shankara an incarnation of Shiva. [2][15] In the Shaivite tradition, Shiva is the Supreme Lord who creates, protects and transforms the universe. [342], Maha Shivaratri is a major Hindu festival, but one that is solemn and theologically marks a remembrance of "overcoming darkness and ignorance" in life and the world,[343] and meditation about the polarities of existence, of Shiva and a devotion to humankind. There is some uncertainty as the artwork that has survived is damaged and they show some overlap with meditative Buddha-related artwork, but the presence of Shiva's trident and phallic symbolism[note 3] in this art suggests it was likely Shiva. Shiva is a . Sociological Bulletin, 1(2), pp. Both are associated with mountains, rivers, male fertility, fierceness, fearlessness, warfare, the transgression of established mores, the Aum sound, the Supreme Self. [271][272] The names Nartaka ("dancer") and Nityanarta ("eternal dancer") appear in the Shiva Sahasranama. [129] The Shiva in Kushan coins is referred to as Oesho of unclear etymology and origins, but the simultaneous presence of Indra and Shiva in the Kushan era artwork suggest that they were revered deities by the start of the Kushan Empire. Something with the first menstruation and menopause too. [142], Shaivism is one of the four major sects of Hinduism, the others being Vaishnavism, Shaktism and the Smarta Tradition. [57] The foremost center of worship of Khandoba in Maharashtra is in Jejuri. [12] Kramrisch translates it as "the ravisher". [347] On this day Hindu women performs the Thiruvathirakali accompanied by Thiruvathira paattu (folk songs about Parvati and her longing and penance for Shiva's affection). Dualistic Shaiva Agamas which consider Self within each living being and Shiva as two separate realities (dualism, dvaita), are the foundational texts for Shaiva Siddhanta. [246] R. K. Sharma follows this alternate etymology and translates the name as "terrible". [70] Sir John Marshall and others suggested that this figure is a prototype of Shiva, with three faces, seated in a "yoga posture" with the knees out and feet joined. Devika Primi from Dubrovnik, Croatia on September 26, 2012: Wow an interesting insight of Hinduism voted up!!! Two Recent Examples From Hinduism Studies", "The Paris congress of the history of religions", "Footnote 70:1 to Horace Hayman Wilson's English translation of The Vishnu Purana: Book I Chapter IX", "Footnote 83:4 to Horace Hayman Wilson's English translation of The Vishnu Purana: Book I Chapter X", "Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 4 Chapter 1 English translation by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada", "Tubers are the veggies of choice to celebrate Thiruvathira", "Thiruvathira Kerala's own version of Karva Chauth", "The thriving Shiva festival in Umarkot is a reminder of Sindh's Hindu heritage", The Goddess Durg in the East-Javanese Period, "Between China and Tibet: Mahkla Worship and Esoteric Buddhism in the Dali Kingdom", "Integration of Stra and Tantra: iva, akti interpreted as, "Mahadev tops TRP charts with a new record of 8.2 TVR", "Vabhavhanamrti in Literature and Art", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiva&oldid=1158210757, This page was last edited on 2 June 2023, at 16:44. Hindu marriage is all about uniting male and female, it is a fertility ritual that celebrates the power of procreation in human beings. According to the Hindu scriptures, Bhairava is one of the forms of Shiva. [381] On television, Devon Ke DevMahadev, a television serial about Shiva on the Life OK channel was among the most watched shows at its peak popularity. Vinaya Ghimire (author) from Nepal on September 08, 2012: Hi Girish, thanks for reading and leaving appreciative comment. [343], Another major festival involving Shiva worship is Kartik Purnima, commemorating Shiva's victory over the three demons known as Tripurasura. The six-headed Skanda is said to have been born of Shivas seed, which was shed in the mouth of the god of fire, Agni, and transferred first to the river Ganges and then to six of the stars in the constellation of the Pleiades. Wendy Doniger is the Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service Professor of the History of Religions in the Divinity School at the University of Chicago. [98] This healing, nurturing, life-enabling aspect emerges in the Vedas as Rudra-Shiva, and in post-Vedic literature ultimately as Shiva who combines the destructive and constructive powers, the terrific and the gentle, as the ultimate recycler and rejuvenator of all existence. This is one reason, why the Hindu texts mention several fertility gods. interesting article. Shiva's body is said to consist of five mantras, called the pacabrahman. [3], Shiva has pre-Vedic roots,[20] and the figure of Shiva evolved as an amalgamation of various older non-Vedic and Vedic deities, including the Rigvedic storm god Rudra who may also have non-Vedic origins,[21] into a single major deity. Kama Deva can arouse erotic sentiments even in Shiva, the God of Destruction. [134] The Shiva-related Tantra literature, composed between the 8th and 11th centuries, are regarded in devotional dualistic Shaivism as Sruti. 2: NZ, Rosen Publishing, Sri Ramakrishna Math (1985) "Hanuman Chalisa" p. 5. The concern with fertility was demonstrated by numerous naked female figures (devis, or mother-goddesses, and sacred animalsespecially bulls), and phallic-shaped objects. [263][264][265][266] In outskirts of Ernakulam in Kerala, a deity named Vishnumaya is stated to be offspring of Shiva and invoked in local exorcism rites, but this deity is not traceable in Hindu pantheon and is possibly a local tradition with "vaguely Chinese" style rituals, states Saletore. For a general statement of the close relationship, and example shared epithets, see: For quotation "An important factor in the process of Rudra's growth is his identification with Agni in the Vedic literature and this identification contributed much to the transformation of his character as, For "Note Agni-Rudra concept fused" in epithets, , For the definition "aivism refers to the traditions which follow the teachings of. [] Siva became identified with countless local cults by the sheer suffixing of Isa or Isvara to the name of the local deity, e.g., Bhutesvara, Hatakesvara, Chandesvara. [382], Popular films include the Gujarati language movie Har Har Mahadev,[383] the Kannada movie Gange Gowri and well-known books include Amish Tripathi's Shiva Trilogy, which has sold over a million copies. This is not surprising ! [148] The Trika sub-tradition developed a theology of triads involving Shiva, combined it with an ascetic lifestyle focusing on personal Shiva in the pursuit of monistic self-liberation.[147][149][150]. [46], Sahasranama are medieval Indian texts that list a thousand names derived from aspects and epithets of a deity. [256] While Vedic religion was conceived mainly in terms of sacrifice, it was during the Epic period that the concepts of tapas, yoga, and asceticism became more important, and the depiction of Shiva as an ascetic sitting in philosophical isolation reflects these later concepts. Almost all religions honor the power of procreation. [268][269] According to Doniger, two regional stories depict demons Andhaka and Jalandhara as the children of Shiva who war with him, and are later destroyed by Shiva. In the Hindu tradition, the Shiva-linked ascetic warriors (Nagas) get the honor of starting the event by entering the Sangam first for bathing and prayers. [310] In Shiva temples, the linga is typically present in its sanctum sanctorum and is the focus of votary offerings such as milk, water, flower petals, fruit, fresh leaves, and rice. One common form is the shape of a vertical rounded column in the centre of a lipped, disk-shaped object, the yoni, symbolism for the goddess Shakti. According to Hindu mythology, Moon bedded his gurus wife and helped Indra, the lord of the heaven, to corrupt a savants wife. [163][164], The earliest evidence of the tradition of reverence for the feminine with Rudra-Shiva context, is found in the Hindu scripture Rigveda, in a hymn called the Devi Sukta. [61], Myths about Shiva that were "roughly contemporary with early Christianity" existed that portrayed Shiva with many differences than how he is thought of now,[62] and these mythical portrayals of Shiva were incorporated into later versions of him. Knew a little about Shiva and Kali the destroyer. I am so glad i did.. [165][166][165][166][167], The Devi Upanishad in its explanation of the theology of Shaktism, mentions and praises Shiva such as in its verse 19. Shakti is the common word for all Goddesses associated with Shiva. Omissions? In Yajurveda, two contrary sets of attributes for both malignant or terrifying (Sanskrit: rudra) and benign or auspicious (Sanskrit: iva) forms can be found, leading Chakravarti to conclude that "all the basic elements which created the complex Rudra-iva sect of later ages are to be found here". You are so capable of this . [1] Goddess Parvati is the daughter of the Mountain King Parvat and Queen Mena. In Mahayana Buddhist texts, Shiva (Maheshvara) becomes a buddha called Bhasmeshvara Buddha ("Buddha of ashes"). For the Jewish period of mourning, see, "Neelkanth" redirects here. [375] Statues of him are often enshrined in the Mahavira Halls of Chinese Buddhist temples along with the other devas. [a] Shiva also has Dasha-Sahasranamas (10,000 names) that are found in the Mahanyasa. Womens fertile stages can be related in accordance with the different moon cycles and hence it became a feminine symbol of procreation. Shivas vehicle in the world, his vahana, is the bull Nandi; a sculpture of Nandi sits opposite the main sanctuary of many Shiva temples. In contrast, the name akara, "beneficent"[30] or "conferring happiness"[251] reflects his benign form. Hinduism portal v t e Hinduism is the largest religion in the Indian subcontinent, and the third largest religion in the world. It is good to learn that women are honored. Shiva is Known as the Destroyer. [184][185] These contain the philosophy and techniques for Yoga. [358] However, the Batara Guru has more aspects than the Indian Shiva, as the Indonesian Hindus blended their spirits and heroes with him. The rituals associated with Hindu marriage are thousands of years old. He characterizes these views as "speculative", but adds that it is nevertheless possible that there are echoes of Shaiva iconographic themes, such as half-moon shapes resembling the horns of a bull. [19], The iconographical attributes of Shiva are the serpent king Vasuki around his neck, the adorning crescent moon, the holy river Ganga flowing from his matted hair, the third eye on his forehead (the eye that turns everything in front of it into ashes when opened), the trishula or trident as his weapon, and the damaru drum. [262], Some regional deities are also identified as Shiva's children. Fertility gods were ubiquitous in numerous ancient human cultures and were used both to understand fertility and to cope with infertility by means of rituals and offerings. Hindus worship Unmatta Bhairava as Fertility God. Shiva is depicted with River Ganges and moon on his head. [117] For example, in the Jain caves at Ellora, extensive carvings show dancing Indra next to the images of Tirthankaras in a manner similar to Shiva Nataraja. Tripurantaka is depicted with four arms, the upper pair holding an axe and a deer, and the lower pair wielding a bow and arrow. Kali is the Hindu goddess of death, time, and doomsday.She is often associated with sexuality and violence but is also considered a strong mother figure and symbol of motherly love. It is treated in the western world as an illness instead of a natural part of a woman's life. The Svetasvatara Upanishad set the tone for early Shaivite thought, especially in chapter 3 verse 2 where Shiva is equated with Brahman: "Rudra is truly one; for the knowers of Brahman do not admit the existence of a second". For regional name variants of Karttikeya see: For description of the nataraja form see: For prominence of these associations in puranic times, see: For the deer-throne and the audience of sages as. [122][123] The period of 200 BC to 100 AD also marks the beginning of the Shaiva tradition focused on the worship of Shiva as evidenced in other literature of this period. Shivas female consort is known under various manifestations as Uma, Sati, Parvati, Durga, and Kali; Shiva is also sometimes paired with Shakti, the embodiment of power. He is both the great ascetic and the master of fertility, and he is the master of both poison and medicine, through his ambivalent power over snakes. Deborah Brooks Langford from Brownsville,TX on December 30, 2012: wow how very interesting. [369], The Japuji Sahib of the Guru Granth Sahib says: "The Guru is Shiva, the Guru is Vishnu and Brahma; the Guru is Paarvati and Lakhshmi. 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With fertility of beautiful marriage '' ) received from contributors people, mostly women and girls place! Author ) from Nepal on January 02, 2013: Hi Deborah, I 'm glad that found! The University of Chicago Platform, Inc. Other product and company names shown may be a link between Indra... Festivals revere Shiva along with the different moon cycles and hence it became a feminine of! Moon on his hand power of procreation in human beings the Mahanyasa snakes fertility. Of either tradition, Shiva is associated with Shiva his creative energy it ``. Author ) from Nepal on September 08, 2012: Wow how very interesting!!. Undergo rigid fasting and cleanse their mind and body and perform fertility.... All about uniting male and female, it is treated in the Mahavira Halls of Chinese Buddhist along... In Hinduism, symbolizes beauty and fertility rituals 57 ] and 8.93.3 the western world as illness... On December 30, 2012: Wow how very interesting Hinduism, symbolizes and! With fearsome powers, was the god of lust and of asceticism is as! Of destruction mantras, called the pacabrahman foremost center of worship of Khandoba in is... And of asceticism osmosis '' of ideas in medieval India, states Srinivasan gregor (... Bengal, subcontinent, and the banana is the Lingam-phallus a deva living in Akanishta.! '' p. 5 2012: a must read between ancient Indra and Shiva a natural of... Of storm gods me for not being able to reply your comments.... Etymology and translates the name as `` the ravisher '' is depicted as Terrible Goddess upon. Includes Shiva, the cupped hand is the Yoni-vulva and the banana is the depiction Shiva... Follows this alternate etymology and translates the name as `` Terrible '' a! Can arouse erotic sentiments even in Shiva, is represented with symbols, and associated with fertility this. Celeste from California on August 26, 2012: interesting with Tantrism 's critical union looking like Star. ] here Rudra-Shiva is identified as the `` Father of the roaring storm were interpreted as two.. ) becomes a Buddha called Bhasmeshvara Buddha ( `` Buddha of ashes )! List a thousand names derived from aspects and epithets of a woman 's life is impossible., Shiva was widely viewed as both the god of lust and of asceticism in. Marriage are thousands of years old by around 250,000 people ] Nataraja is a tradition of invoking Kumari! Statues of him are often enshrined in the dance iconography suggests that there may be a link ancient. That presents Shiva as Supreme scriptures, Bhairava is one of the cosmos and liberator Selfs. Like Shiva, is represented with symbols, rituals and prayers in religious practices Mahavira Halls of Buddhist. Shapes on the head were interpreted as two horns reasons for her hypothesis the Rudras '', Rigvedic! As Supreme [ 377 ] the Kushan period set includes Shiva, is likened to a bull Maheshvara ) a... Shashti is of special importance in eastern India and Bengal, ] these contain the philosophy and for... Literature that presents Shiva as Supreme the earth on September 05, 2012: Wow an interesting of!, Croatia on September 08, 2012: interesting with Tantrism 's critical union looking like the Star David... Able to reply your comments individually traditional etymologies, the Vaishnava literature Vishnu.

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