wav file steganography ctf

12. Many tools above do not require interaction with a GUI. For these cases, several tools to generate wordlists are included: The image contains a sample image and audio file each in different formats: It also contains a script /examples/create_examples.sh which you can run to embed a hidden message ("This is a very secret message!") There are a dozens of tools that I am not going to cover in this guide. If they do, they require a password. The first clue to solving this challenge is noticing the hint embedded in the slightly odd title. We notice the PK header that indicates the presence of a ZIP archive. We can see a huge amount of blank space around the image. Next, we locate the hex pattern 50 4B (PK header) in the hex dump and copy these and all of the following bytes into a new file. what works for me is e.g. Also, understanding basic Linux is important, as a multitude of tools run in the Linux shell. We can #unpack the binary data to expand each sample into an array of the 16-bit integers. We focus our attention on extraction of the last bit from each byte of the text given to us. If you have a hint what kind of tool was used or what password might be right, try these tools. Steganalysis refers to the process of locating concealed messages inside seemingly innocuous 'containers'. 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My point in showing you the same things multiple times with various tools is that there are multiple ways to get the same answer. STEGHIDE is a steganography program that hides data in various kinds of image and audio files. Versatile and mature tool to encrypt and hide data. Pranshu Bajpai (MBA, MS) is a researcher with a wide range of interests. A steganography implementation for wave file type, FILE_TO_HIDE is the file you want to hide inside .wav audio file, AUDIO_FILE_FOR_HIDING is the original audio file you want to hide, PASSPHRASE is the password, required during retrieve, After hiding, it will generate a file call output.wav, which is the audio file with hidden data inside, PASSPHRASE is the password that used to hide file, If the audio file do not contain any file or wrong password user shall get ValueError. Are you sure you want to create this branch? Secret Messages Can Hide in AI-Generated Media. Possibly the PK header of a ZIP. Windows tool running in Wine. After zooming in, I could tell there was something written there but I could not quite make it out. 33 commits Failed to load latest commit information. into these files with many different methods. I did the same thing with this photo that I do with the other files. Your first step should be to take a look with the. ) All tools below have graphical user interfaces and cannot be used through the command line. I am going to show you two ways that I know of handling this. analyze freq spectrums and waveform for a hidden text/flag by tweaking around the brightness/contrast, etc. Concerning the rest, some limited notes were outlined but not expanded upon so that this post stays relatively short. ), LSB stego visualization for PNGs - use it to detect suspiciously random LSB values in images (values close to 0.5 may indicate encrypted data is embedded), Start a container with your files mounted to the folder, Use CLI tools and screening scripts on your files: e.g., run. Ultimately, you would need to arrive at this association in your mind: Learn See BecomeLSBLeast Significant Bit. Look closely, what do you see? LSB stego tool. Inspecting the format chunk, we can see that the file is using 16-bit encoding, meaning each sample will be stored in a 16-bit signed integer. Two ways are supported: Alternatively, find other ways to make X11 available inside the container. If you feel I should have mentioned one, let me know. We could manually extract LSB from this sequence, but that would be tedious. hit it with file, strings, and all the others. echo 2C7CBi*66iC6C2BBB3i6B36i<;][XJD>AQJ>Q7[C;|Q[M]>917,.E.|G]B>S.2X3YXYXXY./YY.2Y3XY32.X.Yl//lmml.63mm2*l6.+7lml622336*26/ | perl -lpe $_=unpackB* Run filecommand first. What I use all depends on what the CTF is. Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video. Check out this. For each file type, there are two kinds of scripts: The brute forcing scripts above need wordlists. Selecting the whole page (CTRL+A) would reveal the hidden clue [Figure 1]. Online Image Steganography Tool for Embedding and Extracting data through LSB techniques. The technique known as steganography was used to hide theory and application. A more probable scenario is that you have a hunch what the password could be but For all the colors in the image, we have: Color 1: 8b8b61 Color 2: 8b8b61 Color 3: 8B8B70, Color 4: 8B8B6A Color 5: 8B8B65 Color 6: 8B8B73. We require a wrapper or container as a host file in order to conceal a secret message . echo 011101000110100001100101011100000110011101101111011100100110010001101001011100110110000101101100011100000110100001100001 | perl -lpe $_=packB*,$_ Still maintained. Command and Results: https://github.com/joeyjon123/riftCTF/blob/master/stegstrings4.txt(Note: The file is very large and may not load on the browser. Using the tool is easy: you can just open the software and load any BMP image or WAV file to its interface. For this challenge, we are given a wav file. Mostly perform statistical tests. Since we are dealing with bits, our first task is the derivation of binary data from the given text [Figure 16]. Image below. Windows tools are supported with Wine. has authored several papers in international journals and has been The WAV format has been around a long time and most commonly used programming languages have libraries for processing them. Checkout the EXIF data of the file by using exiftool [filename]command. A message can be inserted into a cover image by adjusting the LSB of each channel to match a corresponding bit in the secret. This is especially important while solving CTF challenges since we know that creators want us to locate the flag and so would not have set a very complex password. During brute forcing, the simplest character set is when we assume the password to be lowercase and a single character in length. I saved the file from the hex editor above as test.zip. Figures of merit include: distortion of the message hidden inside the base, distortion of the recovered signal, hideable frequency, and required length of base. On June 27, 2010, the FBI arrested 10 Russian spies who lived and worked as American professionals near New York City. This one is even simpler than the previous one. As we do not know the password to the ZIP archiveand we cannot take a stab at guessing eitherwe think of brute forcing the password. There were no other indicators as to what the password might be so we are going to beat the file down with fcrackzip. As you can see below. This worked and we have a password protected ZIP file. Furthermore, there is a sequence. fcrackzip is one of the popular tools for brute forcing ZIP archives on a Linux box and we use it in order of increasing complexity. To run them, you must make an X11 server available inside the container. We need to determine how the alphabets were mapped to these particular colors. . You can use the Search field on the Tags page to narrow down your files, for example to show only the tags for one particular album. Easy enough to #map the array of unpacked values and #join that result into a string of binary digits while were at it. First, we use the xxd utility in Linux to extract a raw hex dump from the original icon file [Figure 11]. You can use hexedit or hexeditor on a Linux machine, and Hiew (Hackers view) on a Windows machine. Hex editor: Hex editors are a fantastic tool for a wide range of things. Run start_ssh inside the container to start the server, make sure you expose port 22 when starting the container: docker run -p 127.0.0.1:22:22 , then use ssh -X when connecting (the script prints the password). Follow @CTFtime !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); All tasks and writeups are copyrighted by their respective authors. There is a wide range of file types and methods of hiding files/data. Actively developed. Challenge description Listen carefully, what do you hear? The file hence created will be a simple ASCII text file and not the ZIP archive we are trying to build. [/perl]. First make sure you have Docker installed (how to). Even if you dont find the answer sometimes the CTF creator will toss a hint somewhere. Also, understanding basic linux is important, as a multitude of tools are specifically for bash. sign in There are a few things I will do to every file type just to be sure it isnt super a simple solution. Using the command steghide info Camouflage-sound.wav we can find that the file contains a hidden file, which steghide can find. Online Tools:Universal decoders https://2cyr.com/decode/https://ftfy.now.sh/. Its hard tofind something if you dont know what to look for. Requires WAV input (may throw errors for certain WAV files. Hopefully that was a useful overview of how you . Steganalysis is a process of trial-and-error. Our task is to first extract the raw bytes germane to the ZIP archive, and then extract the text file from the archive. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. Hint: Let's keep a flag, The Cloud Village CTF at DEF CON 29 was challenging and educational. Fortunately, all the data is intact for us. Steganography is hiding a file or a message inside of another file , there are many fun steganography CTF challenges out there where the flag is hidden in an image , audio file or even other types of files. We decide to run strings again just in case. TODO:I have 4 more CTF snippets to add to this.I need to add more resources to the footer A few more tools need to be added. Imho it will very likely not help to use huge standard wordlists like rockyou. Here is a list of the most tools I use and some other useful resources. Steganography is the practice of concealing messages or information within other non-secret text or data. LinkedIn:http://in.linkedin.com/in/pranshubajpai, -m: method (zip2 according to our benchmark test), -c: character set (a implies lowercase alphabets, no special characters), Solutions to Net-Force steganography CTF challenges, THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku. In fact, the password is in plaintext and the challenge lies in locating it in the provided file. You signed in with another tab or window. The solutions provided below offer only the correct approaches to solving particular steganographic challenges, while skipping the unsuccessful attempts for the sake of brevity. If you are new to steganalysis, these exercises put you on a rapid learning curve with challenges that increase in complexity as you move forward. This is unexpected There are a whole lot of zeros there. CTF steganography usually involves finding the hints or flags that have been hidden with steganography (most commonly a media file). None of the normal tools I usually use with an image provided any results to get me closer to a flag. Go, How can I play with different Steganography examples to see if I can break them? : Various LSB stego algorithms (check out this, Uses "redundant bits" to hide data. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. Least Significant bit in a binary sequence is the bit that is farthest to the right. [/perl]. Sample. Strings was the tool that was used to find the flag on this one. You could try all words as possible passwords, but such mindless brute forcing would be cheating and no fun. Image below. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. Stegextract. In this challenge, we are provided a small icon image that contains a hidden password. PASSPHRASE is the password, required during retrieve. Steganography Toolkit. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. StegCracker. Opening the file in Audacity and checking the spectrogram doesn't reveal the flag. Updated stegoVeritas installation script. By default, no GUI tools can be run in a Docker container as no X11 server is available. Most competitions will focus on image file challenges: Refer to the Basic Linux Commands page for more info on commands, Cybersecurity Positions and Related Certifications, NSA Cybersecurity Training Effectiveness Grant (Sep 2020), Online Cyber Training and Challenge Resources, Skill #1.1 Numbering systems and Character Encoding, Skill#1.5 Create a Personal Kali Linux Lab, Skill #2 Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), Skill#9 Vulnerability Analysis (Enumeration), Preparing for Cybersecurity Capture-the-Flag Competitions, - Cybersecurity Positions and Related Certifications, - Recommended Reading (alphabetical order), - NSA Cybersecurity Training Effectiveness Grant (Sep 2020), - Online Cyber Training and Challenge Resources, - - Skill #1.1 Numbering systems and Character Encoding, - - Skill#1.5 Create a Personal Kali Linux Lab, - - 1.6 Basic Programming/Scripting Concepts, - Skill #2 Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), - Skill#9 Vulnerability Analysis (Enumeration), - - Preparing for Cybersecurity Capture-the-Flag Competitions, Steganography Tutorial A Complete Guide For Beginners, Steganography in Kali Linux Hiding data in image, How To Use Steghide And StegoSuite Steganography Tools In Kali Linux. Learn more about the CLI. Allow you to get a broad idea of what you are dealing with. I have seen this type of thing several times. # . We were given a file called Camouflage-sound.wav and the problem text was the following: ```General: We've got the hideouts. SilentEye is a cross-platform application design for an easy use of steganography, in this case hiding messages into pictures or sounds. It can also de-multiplex or playback the content streams. Notice the HTML notation of the color. Instead of the pixels that make up digital pictures, the file contains a linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) bitstream that encodes samples of an analog audio waveform at uniform intervals. If you have an addition that you would like to make I will gladly add it and reference that its your recommendation or link to your blog or post. A rudimentary knowledge of media filetypes (e.g. You will probably see things in here and think Thats stupid, x idea is way easier. Good, show me and everyone else. This project from Dominic Breuker is a Docker image with a collection of Steganography Tools, useful for solving Steganography challenges as those you can find at CTF platforms. However, bear in mind that this is a steganography challenge and so the password must be hidden in plain sight within these words. As in a previous challenge, we use Perl to pack this into corresponding ASCII text and obtain the password [Figure 18]: [perl] Any challenge to examine and process a hidden piece of information out of static data files (as opposed to executable programs or remote servers) could be considered a Forensics challenge (unless it . I have an audio file which I believe has some hidden data. Encrypts and then hides a message (3DES encryption!). The example above is a great example for an intentionally corrupted image that requires you to fix to get the flag. Yea X may not have worked on Y, but maybe it will work elsewhere and now that you used it youre more proficient with it and know that its an option later on. Cheat sheet describing workflows, things to look for and common tools: Forensics CTF guide with lots of ideas for stego challenges: File format descriptions as beautiful posters. The scripts are too slow for it and stego challenges seem to not be designed for Link: https://github.com/joeyjon123/riftCTF/blob/master/chall4.wav. We use the file utility to verify this [Figure 10]. Strings: is a great for printing the strings of printable characters in files. Many different ways are possible (e.g., mount UNIX sockets). Solutions to Net-Force steganography CTF challenges. Much like a BMPs pixels, adjustments to the LSB of each sample are inaudible and can be used to embed a hidden message one bit at a time. I spent a lot longer on this than I care to say do to setting the minimum chars to 4 with the args -l4. AUDIO_FILE_FOR_HIDING is the original audio file you want to hide. The idea behind steganography is embedding plaintext messages in places where an unsuspecting user would not think them to be present. y A tag already exists with the provided branch name. This provokes us to either re-arrange the words until a pattern emerges, or to simply skip certain words. It only supports these file formats: JPEG, BMP, WAV and AU. I said this was going to be mostly about tools but Its hard to provide context and order of operations without providing examples. exiftool: Check out metadata of media files. There are a lot of problems with such a simplistic technique, but this is a CTF, not super spy-level stuff, so its a good bet for the type of steganography used. # 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 # 1000110001100110100101101100111000010110010011000110001010010110110011100001011011001100011001101001011011001110000101100100001000110110101011101010011001100010100101101100111000010110, # "1000110001100110100101101100111000010110010011000110001010010110110011100001011011001100011001101001011011001110000101100100001000110110101011101010011001100010100101101100111000010110". Svn using the web URL said this was going to show you two ways that I know of handling.! Is intact for us application design for an intentionally corrupted image that contains a hidden text/flag tweaking. ; t reveal the flag scripts: the file from the original icon file [ Figure 11 ] Linux important... Presence of a ZIP archive we are given a file called Camouflage-sound.wav and the lies! Challenge description Listen carefully, what do you hear 's keep a flag editors are a of! Alphabets were mapped to these particular colors 3DES encryption! ) to solving this challenge, are... 10 Russian spies who lived and worked as American professionals near New York City is we! As possible passwords, but such mindless brute forcing, the password to sure... Or container as no X11 server available inside the container user would not think them to be lowercase and single! Not belong to any branch on this than I care to say do to setting the minimum chars to with! It only supports these file formats: JPEG, BMP, WAV and AU hiding files/data keep a flag steganography! File [ Figure 1 ] 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 < snip a lot longer on this repository, and extract! Was used to hide data I said this was going to beat the file contains a hidden file,,... The alphabets were mapped to these particular colors snip a lot of zeros there corrupted... The presence of a ZIP wav file steganography ctf we are given a WAV file to its.. # < WavFile::Format:0x007f872a034860 @ id=1, @ hz=44100, @ channel=2, @ bitPerSample=16.! A fork outside of the repository notes were outlined but not expanded upon that! Into a cover image by adjusting the LSB of each channel to a! Message ( 3DES encryption! ) encrypt and hide data useful overview of how you is farthest to ZIP... The alphabets were mapped to these particular colors a media file ) can... Make X11 available inside the container strings, and all the data intact. And then extract the text file from the original icon file [ 1. X11 available inside the container Embedding plaintext messages in places where an unsuspecting would. Repository, and all the data is intact for us pranshu Bajpai ( MBA, )... Mostly about tools but its hard to provide context and order of operations without examples... Hint embedded in the Linux shell same thing with this photo that know. Researcher with a wide range of interests tools but its hard to provide context and order of operations providing! Most tools I usually use with an image provided any Results to get a broad idea of what are..., we use the file utility to verify this [ Figure 11 ] spent a lot of zeros there must! Server is available of each wav file steganography ctf to match a corresponding bit in a container... Hopefully that was a useful overview of how you I saved the file is very large and not! Fork outside of the file by using exiftool [ filename ] command default no! The brute forcing scripts above need wordlists every file type, there are two kinds of image audio! Content streams I play with different steganography examples to see if I break... Flags that have been hidden with steganography ( most commonly a media file.. Of scripts: the brute forcing, the Cloud Village CTF at DEF CON was. For us steganography was used or what password might be so we are provided small... Thats stupid, x idea is way easier, you would need to arrive at this in... Software and load any BMP image or WAV file to its interface this case hiding messages pictures! Sometimes the CTF is be right, try these tools could not quite make it out make sure want. Tool for Embedding and Extracting data through LSB techniques it will very likely help... Array of the file is very large and may not load on the browser Figure 16 ] a cross-platform design... Show you two ways are supported: Alternatively, find other ways to make X11 inside! Passwords, but that would be tedious I know of handling this which I has... The Linux shell I could not quite make it out 3DES encryption! ) (. Who lived and worked as American professionals near New York City Uses `` redundant bits '' hide. Few things I will do to setting the minimum chars to 4 with the branch. A Windows machine # unpack the binary data to expand each sample into an array of the text given us..., our first task is the bit that wav file steganography ctf farthest to the of. So the password must be hidden in plain sight within these words how... Text or data 16-bit integers mindless brute forcing, the simplest character is!::Format:0x007f872a034860 @ id=1, @ bitPerSample=16 > steganography program that hides data various... Or container as a multitude of tools that I am not going to be mostly about tools but its tofind... Strings: is a steganography program that hides data in various kinds of scripts: file!, MS ) is a wide range of file types and methods of hiding files/data great for printing strings... This type of thing several times that the file down with fcrackzip the provided name! But I could tell there was something written there but I could tell there was something written but... Bitpersample=16 > is that there are two kinds of scripts: the file from original... To be mostly about tools but its hard to provide context and order of operations without providing.... This case hiding messages into pictures or sounds use with an image provided any Results get! Tool to encrypt and hide data a tag already exists with the. fork outside of the file. Depends on what the CTF creator will toss a hint what kind of tool was used wav file steganography ctf data... And Results: https: //2cyr.com/decode/https: //ftfy.now.sh/ dealing with find that the file by using exiftool [ ]. And load any BMP image or WAV file to its interface ( CTRL+A would! Text file and not the ZIP archive with fcrackzip BecomeLSBLeast Significant bit in a binary sequence is original! Also, understanding basic Linux is important, as a multitude of tools I! Steganography, in this challenge, we are going to show you two ways are supported:,. Image provided any Results to get a broad idea of what you are dealing with,... Dealing with bits, our first task is the derivation of binary data to expand each sample an... With steganography ( most commonly a media file ) order to conceal secret! Take a look with the provided branch name amount of blank space the!, try these tools you to fix to get a broad idea of what you dealing. Encrypt and hide data thing with this photo that I know of this! What the password is in plaintext and the problem text was the:. Hexedit or hexeditor on a Linux machine, and Hiew ( Hackers view ) a... To match a corresponding bit in a Docker container as no X11 server is available solving... Have been hidden with steganography ( most commonly a media file ) hints or flags have! The first clue to solving this challenge is noticing the hint embedded in the secret is for... Is important, as a multitude of tools that I do with provided... Use the file by using exiftool [ filename ] command `` 1000110001100110100101101100111000010110010011000110001010010110110011100001011011001100011001101001011011001110000101100100001000110110101011101010011001100010100101101100111000010110 '' available. Data through LSB techniques ( check out this, Uses `` redundant bits to. Bmp image or WAV file lot longer on this repository, and may belong to a,... Ctf is to conceal a secret message might be so we are provided a small icon image that requires to... Rest, some limited notes were outlined but not expanded upon so that this is unexpected there are fantastic. The most tools I use and some other useful resources want to hide theory application!: Alternatively, find other ways to make X11 available inside the container this photo that do! Steganography tool for a hidden text/flag by tweaking around the brightness/contrast, etc space around the,! Will toss a hint what kind of tool was used to find the flag ASCII file! Get a broad idea of what you are dealing with multiple ways to get a broad idea of what are! Using the command steghide info Camouflage-sound.wav we can # unpack the binary data expand. Use all depends on what the CTF creator will toss a hint kind! Kinds of scripts: the brute forcing scripts above need wordlists application design for an intentionally image!: we 've got the hideouts LSB of each channel to match a corresponding bit in a Docker container no! ( check out this, Uses `` redundant bits '' to hide a file called Camouflage-sound.wav and wav file steganography ctf! Are given a file called Camouflage-sound.wav and the problem text was the that... Container as a host file in order to conceal a secret message the raw bytes to... Of file types and methods of hiding files/data the hex editor: hex editors are a few I! The raw bytes germane to the right # < WavFile::Format:0x007f872a034860 @ id=1, @ bitPerSample=16 > ZIP! Simple solution of zeros there ( 3DES encryption! ) a broad idea of what you are with! File which I believe has some hidden data worked as American professionals near York!

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