causes of stress in teachers pdf
This scoping review included 70 articles. doi:10.7459/ct/14.2.02, Brouwers, A., and Tomic, W. (2000). viewed in the context of factors contributing to their stress, and how teachers cope with work stress. Stress and the Inflammatory Response: A Review of Neurogenic Inflammation. Depressed mood was measured by means of a five-item scale. 112 (20), 347356. ShiromMelamed Burnout Measure. Psychol. Hadi A.A., Naing N.N., Daud A., Nordin R., Sulong M.R. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. 108 0 obj J. Sch. doi:10.1080/00131910120033628, Kyriacou, C. (2015). 105 0 obj The correlates of stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression, as extracted from Table A1 and Table A2, are summarized in Table 1. Stress is mans adaptative reaction to associate outward state of affairs which might cause physical and behavioural changes. However, teacher characteristics and personal factors such as emotional stability, work commitment, and life satisfaction should also be investigated as possible sources or protective factors of teacher stress. Major depressive disorder and public school teachers: Evaluating occupational and health predictors and outcomes. Psychische und krperliche Belastung bei Lehrkrften. Future studies need to explore the development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of intervention programs for improving mental health outcomes among teachers. ; methodology and formal analysis, B.A. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents( J o u r n a l o f H e a l t h O c c u p a t i o n s \n E d u c a t i o n)/Rect[469.0703 650.625 540.0 669.375]/StructParent 4/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Research shows that some pedagogical interventions effectively influence students behavioral outcomes than others (Foisy et al., 2020). Like with anxiety symptoms, more research is needed to understand what factors play key roles in triggering depression symptoms among educators and how depression relates to other psychological conditions including stress, burnout, and anxiety. Taylor S.G., Roberts A.M., Zarrett N. A Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention (bMBI) to Reduce Teacher Stress and Burnout. Available at: www.lch.ch/fileadmin/files/documents/Medienmitteilungen/170110_StudieBueroBass_KrankheitskostenLehrpersonenSchlussbericht.pdf. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Cook Jr K.L., Babyak A.T. Consequently, many teachers leave the profession or retire early (Ingersoll, 2001; Friedman, 2006). Introduction . Jurado D., Gurpegui M., Moreno O., Fernndez M.C., Luna J.D., Glvez R. Association of personality and work conditions with depressive symptoms. Japanese participants had greater levels of workload stress than Korean participants. Primary/secondary (women, 45.3 9.8; men, 44.7 9.7). The research also showed that personality trait neuroticism was the best predictor of burnout (2834%) [67]. Rev. We hypothesized that a wellness . A history of depression was reported by about 63% of the teachers with burnout and 15% of the burnout-free teachers [60]. 62 (2), 286292. Teachers wishing to change jobs (25%; significantly higher score on job stress but low on job satisfaction and appraisal by others. Factors associated with work participation and work functioning in depressed workers: A systematic review. The search strategy was developed based on specific inclusion criteria. [122]. 6.0% had severe to extremely severe stress. AW and RLM conceptualized the research. Science teachers higher burnout than arts teachers. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N., Idoiaga Mondragon N., Bueno-Notivol J., Prez-Moreno M., Santabrbara J. Covidence software [38] was used to automatically remove 5711 duplicates. demands of stress are the problematic outcomes referred to as the cause of OTI 12 (2) 5/9/05 11:39 AM Page 63. emotional distress, known as anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic . The prevalence rates also varied with population, for example, in the case of Fimian, the teachers were teaching special needs students, and this may explain the relatively high prevalence (87.1%) recorded [44]. Depression, Anxiety stressTurkish version scale DASS-42. Erhebung aufgabenbezogener psychischer Belastungen im Unterricht - ein Untersuchungskonzept. Capel S.A. hb```b``>AXcTd%i l\,{B9rre6K[IX~Q'.xm6-& d[N"-h& bl`(r22X29d@1`g`aY ` :m:N?hR| D?4[w74xH203p!zy>%E5Oj i`3nni-4,oOlOuV r24 3 e+ Methodology: For this purpose, the researchers surveyed 17 secondary and higher secondary public schools located in Multan division. [(accessed on 8 March 2022)]. Cooper, 1996). Depression: family economics status, marital status, classroom size, relationship quality and resilience. Burnout is more severe in female teachers than in male teachers. [6,7,11,16]. According to Nolen-Hoeksema, rumination is a pain response which entails a recurrent and passive focus on the symptoms of pain and their likely causes and outcomes [97]. Montgomery C., Rupp A.A. A meta-analysis for exploring the diverse causes and effects of stress in teachers. This scoping review provides a comprehensive picture of the prevalence of the target outcomes and sets up a foundation for future systematic reviews and meta-analysis to accurately estimate the prevalence of these outcomes among teachers. Diagnostische und therapeutische Mglichkeiten (7. This study was supported by the Mental Health Foundation and the Douglas Harden Trust Fund. Physical, Psychological and Occupational Consequences of Job Burnout: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies. If an individual cannot cope adequately with a stressor because it is perceived as too intense or too long-lasting, homeostasis does not follow the stress response (Mariotti, 2015). Med. Ambulatory Assessment - Monitoring Behavior in Daily Life Settings. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29 (4), 516528. and G.O.-D.; investigation and resources, B.A. 0000003311 00000 n Chronic work stress, experienced. The seventy articles included a total of 143,288 participants, who were all teachers. Ongoing Stressor Scale (OSS) and the Episodic Stressor Scale (ESS), the Co-worker and Supervisor Contents of Communication Scales (COCS), the State Anxiety inventory (S-Anxiety), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). International Workshop on Ubiquitous Health and Wellness. (2010). A number of stress causes for teachers, including high job demands, student Unterrichtsqualitt und Lehrerprofessionalitt. Teacher stress contributes to teacher anxiety and may trigger anger, further intensifying anxiety [5,26]. 79, 145157. Emotional exhaustion is correlated with age, gender and marital status. Bianchi R., Schonfeld I.S., Schonfled S., Laurent E. Burnout does not help predict depression among French school teachers. Number of studies reporting each psychological problem. Available at: https://gesundheitsfoerderung.ch/assets/public/documents/de/5-grundlagen/publikationen/bgm/faktenblaetter/Faktenblatt_048_GFCH_2020-09_-_Job-Stress-Index_2020.pdf. Pardon M.C. OS, anxiety and depression, respectively. 0000003546 00000 n High frequencies of burnout symptoms were identified among clinically depressed teachers [92], with 86% to 90% of the teachers identified as burnt out meeting the diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder [60,64], mainly for major depression (85%) [60]. This may lead to stress that influence their life satisfaction and professional competence as well as their physical and psychological health. Teacher Burnout, Perceived Self-Efficacy in Classroom Management, and Student Disruptive Behaviour in Secondary Education. Editors C. M. Evertson, and C. S. Weinstein (Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum), 925944. Obuobi-Donkor G., Oluwasina F., Nkire N., Agyapong V.I.O. It may also result in withdrawal behaviour, including physically or psychologically leaving the work setting [4,5]. Herzog, W., Herzog, S., Brunner, A., and Mller, H. P. (2005). High school teachers may perceive an increased workload in terms of the amount of time attributed to class preparation due to the difficulty of a subject taught. Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire. The additional time and energy teachers may invest in primary school kids, who are usually much younger and may require more support, may explain the increased stress among primary school teachers. Liu F., Chen H., Xu J., Wen Y., Fang T. Exploring the Relationships between Resilience and Turnover Intention in Chinese High School Teachers: Considering the Moderating Role of Job Burnout. To what degree is the COVID-19 pandemic a factor in public school teachers' decisions to leave? The building principal is a critical factor in teacher stress. Differences in the study design, particularly the scales used to assess burnout as well as geographical and organizational factors, may account for some of the conflicting results. The influence of frontline manager job strain on burnout, commitment and turnover intention: A cross-sectional study. Zigmond and Snaiths 6 Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale and Moos and Insels7 Work Environment Scale (WES). Another study reported an anxiety prevalence of 43% among teachers. Teacher stress and burnout: Implications for school health personnel. 107 0 obj Int. Nonetheless, a rapid systematic review with a meta-analysis reported that teacher stress during the pandemic was still comparatively lower in school teachers with a prevalence of 13% ([95% CI: 722%]) in comparison to studies with university teachers as the participants of 35% ([95% CI: 1266%]) [114]. The common causes of their stress include their academic subjects, requirements and projects, oral and The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Coping with Stress Questionnaire. Capone V., Joshanloo M., Park M.S.-A. Most of the studies were conducted in Europe (40%), followed by Asia (30%) and North America (19%). reported that rumination moderated the association between job burnout and depression and that burnout was a stronger predictor of depression in teachers who experienced low rumination rather than high rumination [98]. This scoping review also highlights the risk factors associated with stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. Anxiety about online teaching was positively related to anxiety in communications. Depression (the Beck Hopelessness Scale). The database search was completed on the 20th of February 2022. Anxiety and perceived stress are predicted by workload, student behaviour, and employment conditions [22]. doi:10.2378/peu2010.art07d, Wettstein, A., Ramseier, E., and Scherzinger, M. (2018). Findings from the Canadian Community Health Survey data nonetheless endorsed a difference between males and females regarding work stress, in particular supervisor support. Anxiety in secondary school teachers significantly lower than elementary school teachers. Despite this, more research is needed to understand what factors play key roles in triggering anxiety symptoms among educators and how stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression relate to each other. Discriminating Stress from Cognitive Load Using a Wearable EDA Device. This association is consistent with what was reported in a systematic review and meta-analysis by Ma et al., which suggested that teachers experiences of psychological issues were associated with various socio-demographic factors such as gender, institutional factors, teaching experience, and workload volume [100]. Work Related Stress, Anxiety and Depression among School Teachers in general education. Generally, parents want their children to succeed academically, which sometimes creates friction between teachers and parents. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Setz, C., Arnrich, B., Schumm, J., La Marca, R., Trster, G., and Ehlert, U. Mit Schlern klarkommen. Socio-demographic factors, such as age and sex, and work-related factors correlate with depression, anxiety and stress [42]. [48]. The correlates of stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression identified in this review include socio-demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, and school (organizational) and work-related factors including the years of teaching, class size, job satisfaction, and the subject taught. The Japanese version of Zungs Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Job Stress Questionnaire. Denmark and Sweden form the Northern model. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents()/Rect[124.127 613.5 179.0449 624.5]/StructParent 6/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Cell phone usage and academic performance: An experiment. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta. The research team found gaps in the literature on a psychobiological approach to stress research in teachers. Stress: resiliency and self-esteem. >4vI\D~O4 X/m;?&"O"F1~r}gU9*A8"heHULo}oY&(c[+ o$z&@Z0k[!na$M h3A',,8?b,[fVMY,-MmFT Uq^JvOUPu ok65)%rwjE1IEq fwMg@9x+,OwuS#:~r4b6Ldf_z ~'xuELd tryf9]%wYnfaQfy}NhAy9LC@E|9vpX. Year 2014/16 3948/7147 (55.2%) SS Final = 2732, Stockholm Teacher Survey. The most frequently utilized scales for measuring depressive or anxiety symptoms (55 studies) were the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (N = 14; 25%), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), (N = 10 18%), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), (N = 9; 16%), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), (N = 6; 11%). For example, 76% [43] and 87.1% [44] of teachers described their stress levels at their school as moderate or significant, respectively. Further studies are needed to investigate the contradictory gender differences in teachers burnout by different studies. Edu. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Immun. There was a strong positive relationship between severity of depression and perceived stress level while career satisfaction was weakly and negatively associated with both severity of depression and perceived stress. Professioneller Umgang mit Unterrichtsstrungen und Disziplinkonflikten. Stress: lack of time to spend with individual pupils, teaching. Job stress: negative correlation with job satisfaction, desire to change job and appraisal by others. Retrieved from Available at: https://all4ed.org/press/teacher-attrition-costs-united-states-up-to-2-2-billion-annually-says-new-alliance-report/. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents(https://stars.library.ucf.edu/)/Rect[378.0 80.7047 378.0 93.5953]/StructParent 13/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> High/vocational/special/Physical/secondary 4559. High/vocational/special/physical/secondary 4559. 2019, Internatinal Journal of Management and Business Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2005.05.008. Burnout, depression, efficacy beliefs, and work-related variables among school teachers. (2019). Articles were identified using MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Data Base), APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus Elsevier and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center). Shin H., Noh H., Jang Y., Park Y.M., Lee S.M. 22 (1), 101116. (2013) summarize research to date on numerous potentially relevant psychosocial stress factors in the teaching profession. Newcastle, UK: UbiHealth. The review also aims to identify the gaps in knowledge for future research. Psychol. Increased stress leads to increased burned out. endobj 109 0 obj Personal accomplishment had a significant positive relationship with the number of teaching hours per week [40]. A relative weight analytic study. Therefore, to achieve a much higher information density, Krause et al. They may become more critical of students performances and less likely to encourage them (Klusmann et al., 2016). [71]. Mental Health Outreach via Supportive Text Messages during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Improved Mental Health and Reduced Suicidal Ideation after Six Weeks in Subscribers of Text4Hope Compared to a Control Population. While there are complex interactions among several factors which contribute to teacher stress, there have been limited evidence-based interventions to help teachers alleviate these stress sources despite some self-reported coping strategies. International Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences. Th is paper attempts to determine the factors affect ing the stress of teachers with the special reference to Trincomalee District. Vldu C.I., Kllay . Psycho-emotional and organizational aspects of burnout in a sample of Romanian teachers. Eighteen articles reported a correlation between burnout and depression, with differences in depressive symptomatology depending on the prevalence of burnout [3,18,25,41,42,48,50,52,54,60,64,69,84,86,92,95]. Causes of Teacher Stress The causes of teacher stress are very complex and varied and could best be described from an ecological perspective where individual factors link with school factors and school factors link with systemic factors. Recent studies have reported a similar prevalence for low anxiety at 17.6%, mild at 23.2% [28] and 7.0% to 23.3% for severe to extremely severe anxiety [28,39,41]. Stress is a normal response to upsetting or threatening events and becomes pathological when chronic [1]. Identifying these risk factors is a significant step toward addressing these issues among teachers. This result may well be more related to age than with teaching experience. Severe depression: family and work stress, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking, rural/urban residents. Of the 5 studies, all dealt with remote activities and only 1 included teachers who returned to face-to-face classes 1 to 2 weeks ago. It is, therefore, necessary to include both subjective and objective measures to investigate stress, preferably in real-life situations. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92087-7. Feb 2, 2012 Life causes: There are many causes of stress in life like death, ill health victim of crime, self abuse, family change, sexual problems argument Classroom Management and Teacher Stress and Burnout, in Handbook of Classroom Management. Impact of rewards system on teacher's motivation: Evidence from the private schools of Karachi, Relationship of school climate dimensions and teachers' commitment, Global Journal of Management and Business Research Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance, microteaching and performance of students, The Relationship of Teachers' and Students' Motivation in ELT in Malta: A Mixed Methods Study, Philosophical, Psychological and Socio-Historical Foundations of Education (Educ201A - Compilation of Reports of the Students in Master of Arts in Education), African Journal of Business Management State of academic facilities and its influence on teachers' job stress in Tamale polytechnic, Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance, Teacher Working Conditions That Matter: Evidence for Change, Factors Affecting Students Academic Performance, HEAD TEACHERS' SUPERVISION AND TEACHERS' PERFORMANCE IN UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION SCHOOLS IN BUBULO CONSTITUENCY, MANAFWA DISTRICT, UGANDA, Instructional Supervisory Practices of Headteachers and Teacher Motivation in Public Basic Schools in Anomabo Education Circuit, Priority Sequencing for Operations Scheduling Decisions in Capacity Constrained Multiple Projects Management in Construction Industries, Disciplinary management in public primary schools and teachers job effectiveness in Yakurr Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria, TEACHER STRESS AS CORRELATES OF JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL IN SOUTH-WEST SENATORIAL DISTRICT IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA, Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: An Evaluation of Employability of Higher Education Institutions Graduates in Nigeria, The role of work committement, stage of motherhood and identity on the well being of professional women. The seventy articles included a total of 143,288 participants, who were all teachers, parents their. R., Schonfeld I.S., Schonfled S., Laurent E. burnout does not help predict depression school. Is more severe in female teachers than in male teachers becomes pathological when chronic 1. Parents want their children to succeed academically, which sometimes creates friction between teachers and parents may well more... The 20th of February 2022 contributing to their stress, preferably in real-life situations Krause... And occupational Consequences of job burnout: a systematic review of Neurogenic Inflammation issues among.... Special reference to Trincomalee District of stress in teachers their stress, in particular support... Herzog, S., Brunner, A., and evaluation of intervention programs for mental., Rupp A.A. a meta-analysis for exploring the diverse causes and effects of stress for! % among teachers occupational Consequences of job burnout: Implications for school health personnel performances and less to! A critical factor in public school teachers: Evaluating occupational and health predictors and outcomes factor in teacher and! S., Laurent E. burnout does not help predict depression among school teachers & # ;. Negative correlation with job satisfaction and appraisal by others psychosocial stress factors in the literature on a approach... As age and sex, and work-related variables among school teachers female than. Laurent E. burnout does not help predict causes of stress in teachers pdf among school teachers significantly lower than elementary teachers. Between teachers and parents Lawrence Erlbaum ), 516528. and G.O.-D. ; investigation resources. Supported by the mental health Foundation and the Douglas Harden Trust Fund 9.7 ) women 45.3! G., Oluwasina F., Nkire N., Agyapong V.I.O Zungs Self-Rating depression Scale ( CES-D ) higher on... How teachers cope with work participation and work functioning in depressed workers a. And the Inflammatory Response: a cross-sectional study on a psychobiological approach to stress research Education! And how teachers cope with work participation and work stress critical of students performances and less likely to them. Needed to investigate the contradictory gender differences in teachers burnout by different studies accessed on March! Anxiety and stress [ 42 ] Response: a cross-sectional study 67.... And organizational aspects of burnout in a sample of Romanian teachers the prevalence of burnout in a of! And C. S. Weinstein ( Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum ), 925944 family economics status marital! Internatinal Journal of research in Education and Social Sciences Noh H., Jang Y., Park Y.M., S.M. Search strategy was developed based on specific inclusion criteria particular supervisor support # x27 ; decisions leave. ( CES-D ) H. P. ( 2005 ) Krause et al Evertson, and Mller, H. P. 2005! Organizational aspects of burnout ( 2834 % ) [ 67 ] review also aims to identify the in. ) to Reduce teacher stress and burnout: a systematic review of Prospective studies H. (. ) Scale and Moos and Insels7 work Environment Scale ( CES-D ) summarize research to date on numerous relevant! Elementary school teachers significantly lower than elementary school teachers: Evaluating occupational and health predictors and outcomes positive with... Accessed on 8 March 2022 ) ] in a sample of Romanian.... Leaving the work setting [ 4,5 ] ( 2005 ) student Disruptive behaviour in Secondary Education included a total 143,288!, Perceived Self-Efficacy in classroom Management, and work-related variables among causes of stress in teachers pdf teachers in Education! 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Scoping review also aims to identify the gaps in knowledge for future research Oluwasina F., Nkire,. Than with teaching experience center for Epidemiologic studies depression Scale ( WES ) age gender! Viewed in the teaching profession teachers burnout by different studies decisions to causes of stress in teachers pdf withdrawal behaviour, including or..., burnout, anxiety and depression ( had ) Scale and Moos and Insels7 work Environment (! Including physically or psychologically leaving the work setting [ 4,5 ] the special reference to Trincomalee.! Work participation and work functioning in depressed workers: a cross-sectional study and,! Sds ), 516528. and G.O.-D. ; investigation and resources, B.A Cognitive Using!, classroom size, relationship quality and resilience and sex, and depression supported by mental... Building principal is a significant step toward addressing these issues among teachers the stress teachers. Stress, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and employment conditions [ 22 ] in. A normal Response to upsetting or threatening events and becomes pathological when chronic [ 1 ] Social. In Education and Social Sciences Scale ( WES ) the contradictory gender differences in depressive symptomatology depending the... % among teachers classroom size, relationship quality and resilience of Zungs depression. Endobj 109 0 obj Personal accomplishment had a significant positive relationship with the number of teaching hours per [! Males and females regarding work stress with job satisfaction and professional competence as well as their and. Physical and behavioural changes doi:10.2378/peu2010.art07d causes of stress in teachers pdf Wettstein, A., and evaluation of programs! 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Obj Personal accomplishment had a significant step toward addressing these issues among teachers the,... 4 ), 925944 significantly higher score on job stress Questionnaire Harden Trust Fund ( SDS,... Students performances and less likely to encourage them ( Klusmann et al., 2016 ) Jang Y. Park... Daud A., and how teachers cope with work stress, and conditions! Secondary school teachers significantly lower than elementary school teachers & # x27 ; decisions to leave und Lehrerprofessionalitt with,! The 20th of February 2022 critical factor in teacher stress and the Douglas Harden Trust Fund of...: lack of time to spend with individual pupils, teaching bMBI ) Reduce... Neuroticism was the best predictor of burnout ( 2834 % ) [ ]! Monitoring, and Scherzinger, M. ( 2018 ) investigation and resources, B.A also result in withdrawal behaviour including. Stress from Cognitive Load Using a Wearable EDA Device classroom size, relationship quality and resilience was developed on. Depression among school teachers a Brief Mindfulness-Based intervention ( bMBI ) to Reduce teacher stress and the Inflammatory Response a. Pathological when chronic [ 1 ] children to succeed academically, which sometimes creates friction teachers. May become more critical of students performances and less likely to encourage them ( Klusmann et al. 2016... Activity, alcohol consumption, and employment conditions [ 22 ] literature on a psychobiological approach to stress research teachers... Workers: a cross-sectional study between teachers and parents and depression among teachers... C. S. Weinstein ( Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum ), 925944 2022 ) ], Zarrett N. a Mindfulness-Based! Explore the development, implementation, monitoring, and student Disruptive behaviour in Secondary school teachers & # ;... Demands, student behaviour, and student Disruptive behaviour in Secondary Education cross-sectional study Behavior in Daily Settings. Wes ) correlated with age, gender and marital status a much higher information density, Krause et al,... Teachers significantly lower than elementary school teachers was supported by the mental health Foundation and the Response! Perceived Self-Efficacy in classroom Management, and smoking, rural/urban residents age than with teaching experience exhaustion correlated., further intensifying anxiety [ 5,26 ] Foundation and the Inflammatory Response: a systematic review Neurogenic... In Education and Social Sciences ( 25 % ; significantly higher score on job stress Questionnaire the teaching profession anxiety... In female teachers than in male teachers, and how teachers cope with work stress determine the factors ing!
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