southeast asian countries list

Modern scholarship increasingly has yielded evidence of broad commonalities uniting the peoples of the region across time. Vietnam is a country on the Indochinese Peninsula. Finally, the ruling classes embraced Islam and that further aided the permeation of the religion throughout the region. [34] To the east, Hong Kong is sometimes regarded as part of Southeast Asia. The Thais are the third largest with around 59 million people, forming the majority in Thailand. The pre-Neolithic Papuan-related populations of Maritime Southeast Asia were largely replaced by the expansion of various East Asian-related populations, beginning about 50,000BC to 25,000BC years ago from Mainland Southeast Asia. [130][131][132] They have a multicultural mix of inhabitants with Asian and European Australian ancestry, and were uninhabited when discovered by the British during the 17th century. Singhasari rejected the proposal and injured the envoys, enraged the Mongols and made them sent a large invasion fleet to Java. Arguably, no other country signifies the rapid economic growth of Southeast Asia more than Singapore. Muar experienced the highest API level of 746 on 23 June 2013 at around 7 am. Traditional music in Southeast Asia is as varied as its many ethnic and cultural divisions. For every square mile of land, there are approximately 256 people in Malaysia. The meat is prepared in banana leaves and then seasoned with a blend of spices. Malaysia. Meanwhile, Hindu community in Malaysia and Singapore are mostly South Indian diaspora, hence the practices are closely related to the Indian Hinduism. [90] The invasions were unsuccessful, yet both Dai Viet and Champa agreed to become tributary states to Yuan dynasty to avoid further conflicts. The trees and other plants of the region are tropical; in some countries where the mountains are tall enough, temperate-climate vegetation can be found. As the pace of development accelerates and populations continue to expand in Southeast Asia, concern has increased regarding the impact of human activity on the region's environment. The antiquity of this form of writing extends before the invention of paper around the year 100 in China. In addition, over the span of human habitation, the region alternately has been a bridge and a barrier to the movement of people. [55] This dominance started to decline when Srivijaya were invaded by Chola Empire, a dominant maritime power of Indian subcontinent, in 1025. Important. [47], In the late Neolithic, the Austronesian peoples, who form the majority of the modern population in Brunei, Indonesia, East Timor, Malaysia, and the Philippines, migrated to Southeast Asia from Taiwan in the first seaborne human migration known as the Austronesian Expansion. Country. Bandar Seri Begawan. The spice trade initially was developed by Indian and Arab merchants, but it also brought Europeans to the region. Christianity also predominates in the rest of the part of the Philippines, New Guinea, Flores and Timor. An example is the wayang kulit (shadow puppet) and literature like the Ramayana. Philippines The Philippines, formally the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. Pockets of Hindu population can also be found around Southeast Asia in Singapore, Malaysia, etc. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah); the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. The country is made up of 17,508 islands and has a total land area of 1,811,570 km2. In October 2019, the number of Christians, both Catholic and Protestant in Southeast Asia, reached 156 million, of which 97 million came from the Philippines, 29 million came from Indonesia, 11 million came from Vietnam, and the rest came from Malaysia, Myanmar, East Timor, Singapore, Laos, Cambodia and Brunei. Both countries produced . The Hague Tribunal's South China Sea Ruling: Empty Provocation or Slow-Burning Influence? The spread of these two Indian religions confined the adherents of Southeast Asian indigenous beliefs into remote inland areas. A communist regime took power in 1975, and has ruled the country since. [156] On the contrary, Singapore is the costliest country in the region, followed by Thailand and the Philippines. This diversity is related to its position as a focus of converging land and sea routes. in Indonesia - and it is also the fourth most populous countries worldwide. [17][42] The eastern half of the island of New Guinea, which is not a part of Indonesia, namely, Papua New Guinea, is sometimes included as a part of Maritime Southeast Asia, and so are Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau, which were all parts of the Spanish East Indies with strong cultural and linguistic ties to the region, specifically, the Philippines.[43]. Cambodias population is an estimated 17 million. [94][95] The Mongols would later in 1303 withdrawn from Burma. The two worst regional hazes were in 1997 and 2006 in which multiple countries were covered with thick haze, mostly caused by "slash and burn" activities in Sumatra and Borneo. Between 2002 and 2018, for example, Vietnams GDP per capita increased by 2.7 times, reaching a level of US$ 2,700 by 2019. The nations of the region, with only a few exceptions, have become aware of the need to maintain forest cover not only to prevent soil erosion but to preserve the diversity of flora and fauna. The Philippines has seen steady economic growth in the last ten years. The wayang kulit show has been recognised by UNESCO on 7 November 2003 as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The mainland section of Southeast Asia was referred to as Indochina by European geographers due to its location between China and the Indian subcontinent and its having cultural influences from both neighbouring regions. Regular trade between the ships sailing east from the Indian Ocean and south from mainland Asia provided goods in return for natural products, such as honey and hornbill beaks from the islands of the archipelago. This struggle left much of the countrys infrastructure ruined. Hang Li Poh's Well (constructed 1459) is now a tourist attraction there, as is Bukit Cina, where her retinue settled. Count 'Em Countries: D. 2. 300301. "[150] Since the early 1990s, "even the non-ASEAN nations such as Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Burma, where the income derived from tourism is low, are attempting to expand their own tourism industries. The term "Southeast Asia" was first used in 1839 by American pastor Howard Malcolm in his book Travels in South-Eastern Asia. The Apsara Dance, famous for strong hand and feet movement, is a great example of Hindu symbolic dance. Indonesia, for example, is more than 3,000 miles from west to east (exceeding the west-east extent of the continental United States) and more than 1,000 miles from north to south; the area of Laos is only slightly smaller than that of the United Kingdom; and Myanmar is considerably larger than France. It is separated from Malaysia by the Johor Straits. However, the Shwa occupation regime committed violent actions against civilians such as live human experimentation,[109][110][111][112][113][114][115] sexual slavery under the brutal "comfort women" system,[116][117][118][119][120] the Manila massacre and the implementation of a system of forced labour, such as the one involving four to ten million romusha in Indonesia. By population, Islam is the most practised faith, numbering approximately 240 million adherents, or about 40% of the entire population, concentrated in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Southern Thailand and in the Southern Philippines. In daily activities and informal situations, most Indonesians speak in their local language(s). The region has diverse metalworking, especially in Indonesia. Approximately 674 million people live in Southeast Asia. [137] Despite being one of the most vulnerable regions to the effects of climate change in the world, Southeast Asian countries are lagging behind in terms of their climate mitigation measures.[138]. This list of Southeast Asian countries is alphabetical. This branch was fused with the Hindu-influenced Khmer culture. The Indonesian Archipelago is split by the Wallace Line. Gamelan and angklung orchestras from Indonesia; piphat and pinpeat ensembles of Thailand and Cambodia; and the kulintang ensembles of the southern Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi and Timor are the three main distinct styles of musical genres that have influenced other traditional musical styles in the region. [122] The Allied powers who then defeated Japan (and other allies of Axis) in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II then contended with nationalists to whom the occupation authorities had granted independence. These rainforest areas are currently being logged-over, especially in Borneo. Thus, the East Timorese have been in a kind of rebuilding mode ever since. Malaysia consists of the southern part of the Malay Peninsula and the northern part of the island of Borneo, which the country shares with Indonesia and Brunei. . The religious composition for each country is as follows: Some values are taken from the CIA World Factbook:[170]. Two-thirds of the countrys population is both Muslim and of ethnic Malay descent. Mainland Southeast Asia is completely in the Northern Hemisphere. In certain cases, they may include Chinese or local deities in their worshipping practises such as Tua Pek Kong, Datuk Keramat and many more. The origins of Chinese influence can be traced to the 16th century, when Chinese migrants from southern China settled in Indonesia, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries. On 18 November 2010, UNESCO officially recognised the angklung as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, and encouraged the Indonesian people and government to safeguard, transmit, promote performances and to encourage the craftsmanship of angklung making. Hong Kong and Macao are two special cities of China. Southeast Asias landscape is characterized by three intermingled physical elements: mountain ranges, plains and plateaus, and water in the form of both shallow seas and extensive drainage systems. Besides the major four, there are also the Moro peoples of Mindanao, consisting of the Tausug, Maranao, Yakan and Maguindanao. Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral in Cebu City, Philippines, the ecclesiastical seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu. Southeast Asia, vast region of Asia situated east of the Indian subcontinent and south of China. Before the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the Europeans mostly were interested in expanding trade links. A wide range of commodities originated in the region, but especially important were spices such as pepper, ginger, cloves, and nutmeg. [16] SEAC popularised the use of the term "Southeast Asia," although what constituted Southeast Asia was not fixed; for example, SEAC excluded the Philippines and a large part of Indonesia while including Ceylon. Taiwan has sometimes been included in Southeast Asia as well as East Asia but is not a member of ASEAN. Indonesian religious leader and Islamic scholar Hamka (19081981) wrote in 1961: "The development of Islam in Indonesia and Malaya is intimately related to a Chinese Muslim, Admiral Zheng He. Like Indonesia, the Philippines is country comprised of many islands; 7,640 islands, to be exact. Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia. There is also a smaller but significant number of Hmong-Mien, Chinese, Dravidians, Indo-Aryans, Eurasians and Papuans, which also contributes to the diversity of peoples in the region. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is an organization made up of a group of member states, known as ASEAN. Over 54 million people call Myanmar home. These early people diversified and travelled slowly northwards to China, and the populations of Southeast Asia show greater genetic diversity than the younger population of China. Thailand adopted its first constitution in 1932, eventually emerging as a parliamentary democracy, though there have also been periods of military rule in the country. Timor-Leste is a small country of about 1.3 million people based on part of the island of Timor. The Vietnamese launched a massive conquest against the Cham people during the 1471 Vietnamese invasion of Champa, ransacking and burning Champa, slaughtering thousands of Cham people, and forcibly assimilating them into Vietnamese culture. It is based on the island of Borneo, and is surrounded by territory belonging to Malaysia, except for its northern coast, off of which is part of the South China Sea. Additionally, there is also a small population of Parsis in Singapore who practised Zoroastrianism. [49] During much of this time the present-day islands of western Indonesia were joined into a single landmass known as Sundaland due to lower sea levels. If you wish to sort countries differently (e.g. Southeast Asia contains 11 different countries. Its greatest ruler was Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked the empire's peak when other kingdoms in the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali came under its influence. How Many Countries in Southeast Asia? There are nearly 800 native languages in the region. [56] A slave from the Sulu Sea was believed to have been used in Magellan's voyage as a translator. [78] Most of the region had been Indianised during the first centuries, while the Philippines later Indianised circa ninth century when Kingdom of Tondo was established in Luzon. The following table lists 48 independent nations in Asia in alphabetical order. Most Southeast Asian people were originally animist, engaged in ancestors, nature, and spirits worship. The second part of its name, Darussalam, literally means Abode of Peace. People of Southeast Asian origins are known as Southeast Asians or Aseanites. Kota Kinabalu - Malaysia. They also tortured and killed hundreds of thousands of Cambodias educated, middle-class citizens. The animals of Southeast Asia are diverse; on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, the orangutan, the Asian elephant, the Malayan tapir, the Sumatran rhinoceros and the Bornean clouded leopard can also be found. Originally, Indians were the ones who taught the native inhabitants about writing. In addition, Eastern Orthodox Christianity can also be found in the region. Author of. In the 20th century, however, the term became more restricted to territories of the former French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam). In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote areas of Sarawak in East Malaysia, Highland Philippines, and Papua in eastern Indonesia. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions and the region becomes home to many world religions including Abrahamic religions, Indian religions, East Asian religions and Iranian religion. [100][101], Islam began to make contacts with Southeast Asia in the eighth-century CE, when the Umayyads established trade with the region via sea routes. Singapore. Seventeen telecommunications companies contracted to build the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable to connect Southeast Asia to the US[149] This is to avoid disruption of the kind caused by the cutting of the undersea cable from Taiwan to the US in the 2006 Hengchun earthquakes. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [79] Vietnam, especially its northern part, was never fully Indianised due to the many periods of Chinese domination it experienced. For full details of every country, just click on its name. [70] Buddhism later established a strong presence in Funan region in the fifth century. [33] Geographically, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India is also considered a part of Maritime Southeast Asia. [51][52] They often settled along coastal areas, replacing and assimilating the diverse preexisting peoples.[53][54][47]. Their vessels, such as the vinta, were capable to sail across the ocean. While in Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia the culture is a mix of indigenous Austronesian, Indian, Islamic, Western, and Chinese cultures. Corals reefs and islands seen from the peak of Bohey Dulang Island, Sabah, Malaysia. In the late 19th century, Laos became a colony of France. [144], Even prior to the penetration of European interests, Southeast Asia was a critical part of the world trading system. The major regional ethnic groups in Myanmar are the Tai-speaking Shan people, Karen people, Rakhine people, Chin people, Kayah people and Indo-Aryan-speaking Rohingya people living on the westernmost part of the country near the border with Bangladesh. Go back to see more maps of Asia Europe Map Asia Map Africa Map North America Map South America Map Oceania Map This page was last edited on 3 June 2023, at 06:40. Bai Cha: A fried rice variant made with sausage and soy sauce certainly a filling option for the hungry! Every country has a few important details attached: flag, capital, population and total area. The peoples of Southeast Asia are mainly divided into four major ethnolinguistic groups: the Austronesian, Austroasiatic (or Mon-Khmers), Tai (part of the wider Kra-Dai family) and Tibeto-Burman (part of greater Sino-Tibetan language family) peoples. As a result, Vietnam was reunited. The tropical rain belt causes additional rainfall during the monsoon season. [155] Besides that, Malaysia has the lowest cost of living in the region, followed by Brunei and Vietnam. Countries of the World. Professor of Geography, University of Kentucky, Lexington. The World Bank estimates that by 2024, the country will achieve high-income economic status. [73][74] Recently, Vietnamese folk religion is undergoing a revival with the support of the government. In the last 20 years, Thailand has had to deal with much political and economic uncertainty. It also has been of great importance that Southeast Asia, which is the most easily accessible tropical region in the world, lies strategically astride the sea passage between East Asia and the Middle EasternMediterranean world. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Between the 1960s and 1990s, the country enjoyed steady, sometimes rapid, economic growth. Thailand has had the most numerous appearances in the AFC Asian Cup with 7 while the highest-ranked result in the Asian Cup for a Southeast Asian team is second place in the 1968 by Myanmar in Iran. Within the Philippines, the country has no majority ethnic groups; but the four largest ethnolinguistic groups in the country are the Visayans (mainly Cebuanos, Warays and Hiligaynons), Tagalogs, Ilocanos and Bicolanos. Countries & Regions Southeast Asia & Pacific Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) The United States has a robust trade and investment relationship with the ten countries that comprise the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The land has been subjected to a considerable amount of faulting, folding, uplifting, and volcanic activity over geologic time, and much of the region is mountainous. 4. [77][66][67] Sanskrit and Pali became the elite language of the region, which effectively made Southeast Asia part of the Indosphere. While Peninsular Malaysia is geographically situated in Mainland Southeast Asia, it shares many similar cultural and ecological affinities with surrounding islands, thus it is often grouped with them as part of Maritime Southeast Asia. China also has asserted an exclusive economic zone based on the Spratly Islands. [97][98], After the departure of the Mongols, Wijaya established the Majapahit Empire in eastern Java in 1293. It is considered by scientists as the largest eagle in the world,[141] and is endemic to the Philippines' forests. Both ch Hn and ch Nm were used up until the early 20th century. Although the modern nations of the region are sometimes thought of as being small, they arewith the exceptions of Singapore and Bruneicomparatively large. The United Nations anti-drug agency is warning that the huge trade in illegal drugs such as methamphetamine from Southeast Asia's Golden Triangle shows no signs of slowing down, President Joe Biden has vetoed a congressional resolution that would have reinstated tariffs on solar panel imports from Southeast Asia, Thailands opposition has racked up a stunning majority of the 500 seats at stake in the race for the House of Representatives, dealing a major blow to establishment parties and the former general who has led the Southeast Asian country since seizing power in a 2014 coup, Indonesian President Joko Widodo has somberly acknowledged to fellow Southeast Asian leaders that no progress has been made to end the civil strife gripping Myanmar, Southeast Asian leaders have condemned an attack on an aid convoy that the regional group arranged for displaced people in Myanmar. Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia and is also the largest archipelago in the world by size (according to the CIA World Factbook). Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia, and East Timor. And Indonesia in particular warrants special attention, as the fourth-largest economy in the world and the most populated Southeast Asian country with 273.5 million people. Singapore is an island city-state of approximately 5.8 million people who are from a wide variety of ethnic and racial backgrounds. More than 275 million people call Indonesia home. [12], The region, together with part of South Asia, was well known by Europeans as the East Indies or simply the Indies until the 20th century. The area is separated among the Ural, Siberian, and Russian Far Eastern federal districts of Russia. Foreign traders were starting to use new routes such as Malacca and Sunda Strait due to the development of maritime Southeast Asia. Thailands coastal area borders the Gulf of Thailand. Following 50 years of civil war and military dictatorship, Burma only recently opened to foreign travellers. Stilt houses can be found all over Southeast Asia, from Thailand and Vietnam to Borneo, to Luzon in the Philippines, to Papua New Guinea. In Singapore, the demographics of the country is similar to that of its West Malaysian counterparts but instead of Malays, it is the Chinese that are the majority, while the Malays are the second largest group and Indians third largest. The penetration of European commercial interests gradually evolved into annexation of territories, as traders lobbied for an extension of control to protect and expand their activities. [71] While in Vietnam, Buddhism never managed to develop strong institutional networks due to strong Chinese influence. The history of Southeast Asia has led to a wealth of different authors, from both within and without writing about the region. The gaur, a gigantic wild ox larger than even wild water buffalo, is found mainly in Indochina. The main styles of traditional music include court music, folk music, music styles of smaller ethnic groups, and music influenced by genres outside the geographic region. North of the Luzon Strait is Taiwan. 05 of 08. It is bordered to the north and northeast by China, to the south by the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, to the east by Laos and Thailand, and to the west by India and Bangladesh. Approximately 674 million people live in the region. [89], During the 13th century CE, the region experienced Mongol invasions, affected areas such as Vietnamese coast, inland Burma and Java. For example, the rubber plantations of Malaysia, Java, Vietnam, and Cambodia, the tin mining of Malaya, the rice fields of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, and the Irrawaddy River delta in Burma, were a response to the powerful market demands. Mainland Southeast Asia is divided into the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Vietnam, and the small city-state of Singapore at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula; Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, which occupy the eastern portion of the mainland, often are collectively called the Indochinese Peninsula. Of these, the rivers probably have been of the greatest historical and cultural significance, for waterways have decisively shaped forms of settlement and agriculture, determined fundamental political and economic patterns, and helped define the nature of Southeast Asians worldview and distinctive cultural syncretism. In present-day mainland Southeast Asia, Theravada is still the dominant branch of Buddhism, practised by the Thai, Burmese, and Cambodian Buddhists. Mayon Volcano, despite being dangerously active, holds the record of the world's most perfect cone which is built from past and continuous eruption.[126]. 01 of 10 Thailand Patrick Foto / Getty Images Bangkok became the world's most visited city in 2013, even beating London, New York, and Paris! Today, Southeast Asia is predominantly governed by independent states. So far, most Southeast Asian countries have tried not to tilt too much in favor toward China or the U.S . The other five countries, except part Western New Guinea (Indonesia), form Maritime Southeast Asia. The other part of the island is controlled by Indonesia. 1. Internal autonomy was granted in 1934, and independence in 1946.[123]. Myanmars most recent history has been defined by the Burmese peoples struggle for democracy against military rule. Its influence spread to other parts Southeast Asia. Each of the languages has been influenced by cultural pressures due to trade, immigration, and historical colonisation as well. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [76], After the region came under contact with the Indian subcontinent circa 400 BCE, it began a gradual process of Indianisation where Indian ideas such as religions, cultures, architectures, and political administrations were brought by traders and religious figures and adopted by local rulers. It is bordered to the north by China, to the east and south by the South China Sea, and to the west by Laos and Cambodia. The peopling of Southeast Asia took place . [5] Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean. As a rule, the peoples who ate with their fingers were more likely influenced by the culture of India, for example, than the culture of China, where the peoples ate with chopsticks; tea, as a beverage, can be found across the region. Some groups are protected de facto by their isolation from the rest of the world. English is also widely spoken. Maritime Southeast Asia was often grouped with Australia and Oceania in the mid to late 1800s, rather than with mainland Asia. Islands to the east of the Philippines make up the region of Micronesia. This list of Southeast Asian countries lists all the countries in South East Asia in alphabetical order. Cambodia is one of the most homogeneous countries in the area, with Khmers forming more than 90% of the population but the country also has a large number of ethnic Chams, Vietnamese and various inland tribes categorised under the term Khmer Loeu (Hill Khmers). The region's chief cultural influences have been from some combination of Islam, India, and China. Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a state in Southeast Asia and Oceania. [11] Several Southeast Asian countries were also briefly occupied by the Japanese Empire during World War II. "[151] In 1995, Singapore was the regional leader in tourism receipts relative to GDP at over 8%. Taiwan's Belated Recognition of Its Southeast Asian Heritage", "A Working Model of the Deep Relationships of Diverse Modern Human Genetic Lineages Outside of Africa", "Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years", "The world's oldest figurative drawing depicts a wounded animal", "Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea", "Cranio-morphometric and aDNA corroboration of the Austronesian dispersal model in ancient Island Southeast Asia: Support from Gua Harimau, Indonesia", "Geneticist clarifies role of Proto-Malays in human origin", Handbook of Oriental Studies. The population of Thailand is over 69 million. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 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