abolishing operation examples
People in both the North and the South fought the abolitionists. A., & Vollmer, T. R. (1996). Altering the timing of academic prompts to treat destructive behavior maintained by escape. Grammarist is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. (2021). A., & Ringdahl, J. E. (1995). 2007). There are many unconditioned abolishing operations identified in humans. Stimulus (instructional) fading during extinction of self-injurious escape behavior. Understanding M.O. During the 1840s, the abolitionists formed political parties and continued the fight for racial equality. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102290, Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. When 'thingamajig' and 'thingamabob' just won't do, A simple way to keep them apart. Springer, Cham. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1994). Find examples from literature here. Antecedent influences on behavior disorders. 5 min read What Is Motivating Operations (MO)? Escape-maintained problem behavior in a child with autism: Antecedent functional analysis and intervention evaluation of noncontingent escape and instructional fading. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 1526. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Pace, G. M., Iwata, B. Long before the American Revolution, religious groups called for the end of slavery, and until the 13th Amendment formally ended it in 1865, abolitionist uprisings came in waves . Behavioral Interventions, 30(2), 135156. When there are particular motivations underlying the behavior of an individual, it's known as motivating operations. (2014). When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Abolishing operations (AO): a general term to describe antecedent events which momentarily decrease the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of a consequence and therefore alter the future frequency of behavior related to that consequence. (1993). A., Cowdery, G. E., Andree, P. J., & McIntyre, T. (1993). If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Abolishing operations (AO): a general term to describe antecedent events which momentarily decrease the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of a consequence and therefore alter the future frequency of behavior related to that consequence. Hanley, G. P., Jin, C. S., Vanselow, N. R., & Hanratty, L. A. Roxburgh, C., & Carbone, V. J. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. (2000). Simmons, J. N., Smith, R. G., & Kliethermes, L. (2003). These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'abolition.' Rispoli, M., Camargo, S. H., Neely, L., Gerow, S., Lang, R., Goodwyn, F., et al. Decreases the strength of the behavior that has produced that stimulus in the past Satiation A decrease in the frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that has followed the behavior. Interspersed requests: A nonaversive procedure for reducing aggression and self-injury during instruction. (2003). Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. A., Vollmer, T. R., Zarcone, J. R., & Rodgers, T. A. Behavior Modification, 37, 126. Upper Saddle River: Pearson. All people are different. Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Both words date from the early 16th century (soon after abolish . Edrisinha, C., OReilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G., & Choi, H. Y. Decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object or event. PubMedGoogle Scholar. For example, having just eaten lunch functions as an AO for food as a reinforcer which momentarily . Some writers reserveabolishment for senses unrelated to slavery, but the distinction is unnecessary. Rutte previously said that the matter was too controversial for King Willem-Alexander to address but said that the Dutch monarch will take part in a commemoration on July 1 marking the 150th anniversary of the complete, On Friday, Crump and Antonio Romanucci, another lawyer representing the family, called for the, Biden is the first president to openly oppose the death penalty and his election raised the hopes of, Writer Adrienne Maree Brown published a statement on her blog in support of Cullors after the BLM10 letter, and a bevy of other influential activists and scholars in the world of police violence and, Newscasters explained that the protest took place at Westminster Abbey during a service marking the 200th anniversary of the, Post the Definition of abolition to Facebook, Share the Definition of abolition on Twitter, Palter, Dissemble, and Other Words for Lying, Skunk, Bayou, and Other Words with Native American Origins, Words For Things You Didn't Know Have Names, Vol. Google Scholar. Laprime, A. P., & Dittrich, G. A. Amanda P. Laprime . Laprime, A.P. Combining noncontingent reinforcement and differential reinforcement schedules as treatment for aberrant behavior. (2009). Intervention type Behavioral mechanism (s) Severity and behavioral function considerations Caregiver, context, and practical considerations Intervention type Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 297307. borrowed from Middle French & Latin; Middle French abolition, borrowed from Latin abolitin-, aboliti, from aboli-, variant stem of abolre "to abolish" + -tin-, -ti, suffix of action nouns, Some of the words that defined the week of May 24, 2019, The words that defined the week of February 8th, 2019. Examples of EO and AO: EO: Steven's favorite snack is Skittles. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 541544. Delivered to your inbox! . National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Abolishing Operations. In: Volkmar, F.R. Still, by the 1830s, the United States had about two million slavesnearly four times as many as in 1776, when the country declared its independence. An evaluation of a treatment package consisting of discrimination training and differential reinforcement with response cost and a social story on vocal stereotypy for a preschooler with autism in a preschool classroom. However, for many Americans, slavery was more than just a practiceit was a way of life. A systematic examination of different parameters of presession exposure to tangible stimuli that maintain problem behavior. 2007). For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. 2. The behavior of organisms. Implications and refinements of the establishing operation concept. Term. Horner, R. H., Day, H. M., Sprague, J. R., OBrien, M., & Heathfield, L. T. (1991). Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 407414. Garrison formed the American Anti-Slavery Society and proclaimed human enslavement to be a moral outrage; he and his group promoted their goals through methods of nonviolent protest. 101125). 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Kern, L., & Clemens, N. H. (2007). You cannot download interactives. PubMed Central AOs involve events which result in a decrease in the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher when delivered contingent on a behavior. Behavior Modification, 34, 479502. AOs, in conjunction with establishing operations (EO; see establishing operation), fall under the greater omnibus term, motivating operation (MO; see motivating operations). Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 47, 1636. more likely to occur). Correspondence to (2011). (eds) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Second, we could use an abolishing operation and reduce the reinforcing value of an undesirable behavior. Abolishing Operations (AO): A type of motivating operation that makes the stimulus less desirable (less effective as a reinforcer). Mace, F. C., Hock, M. L., Lalli, J. S., West, B. J., Belfiore, P., Pinter, E., et al. And these examples show that abolition can denote the doing away of anything (not just slavery): Within hours of the first reports of trouble at Japans nuclear power plants, calls for abolition could be heard around the world. Accessed 4 Jun. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. Both words date from the early 16th century (soon after abolish came to English from French roots),but abolition has always been more common, and it nowappears about ten times as often as abolishment. abolition: [noun] the act of officially ending or stopping something : the act of abolishing something. A. Abolishing and establishing operation analyses of social attention as positive reinforcement for problem behavior. An example could be a stuffed animal that a child has at home. Motivating operations alter the effectiveness of reinforcers and punishers in two ways, which designates . Example in everyday context: You just ate a very large meal, so you are satiated on food and food is not reinforcing to you for the next several hours. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43(1), 119123. Butler, L. R., & Luiselli, J. K. (2007). They made public speeches, produced antislavery literature, and boycotted cotton and other products that relied upon slave labor. Behavioral momentum in the treatment of noncompliance. Noncontingent escape as a treatment for self-injurious behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. While the white activists tended to limit their focus to ending slavery, the black activists were more likely to tackle the larger issue of promoting racial equality.In recent years, historians studying abolition have explored the influence of black activism. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. For example, after having juice, the value of juice as a reinforcer could potentially decrease. (Most of the time.). [Vancouver Sun (article now offline)], The abolition of prescription charges in Scotland has sparked division and anger [Scotsman], Supporters of negative gearing argue that its abolition would lead to a landlords strike [Sydney Morning Herald]. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. They gave speeches and held conferences to promote their cause.In 1833, the abolitionist movement became more aggressive. Carroll, R. A., Rapp, J. T., Rieck, T. M., & Siewer, B. N. (2011). Psychology in the Schools, 44(1), 6575. 2023 Grammarist, a Found First Marketing company. Many considered slavery to be part of the natural order, and they believed that any efforts to end slavery would divide the nation and destroy the countrys economy.In the early years of the Republic, Congress passed some laws that supported abolitionist goals. (2010). New York: Plenum. PubMed Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 265278. Send us feedback about these examples. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 9, 195202. In R. Van Houten & S. Axelrod (Eds. Garrisons goal was not simply to end slavery, however, but to end prejudice and promote racial justice. Berg, W. K., Peck, S., Wacker, D. P., Harding, J., McComas, J., Richman, D., et al. Manisha Sinha, along with some historians in the Caribbean who stressed the influence of the Haitian Slave Revolt and explore the role of the slave revolts in the Caribbean, believe black activists set the stage for a larger battle, establishing principles and practices that were used in later reform movements. Acton: Copley. They formed antislavery societies that drafted petitions calling for an end to slavery and sent them to Congress. 2023. ), Behavior analysis and treatment (pp. Chung, Y. C., & Cannella-Malone, H. I. Activism was also found in publications like William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberator. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 205212. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36, 355359. Both nouns mean the act of doing away with something, and neither has any meanings it does not share with the other. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders pp 2227Cite as. The teacher bring out the phonics books (worsening condition). For example, having just eaten lunch functions as an AO for food as a reinforcer which momentarily decreases any behavior reinforced by food. Reinforcers become less reinforcing (i.e. Congress also made attempts to end the abusive treatment of slaves during their transport from Africa. (2010). The Center for Children with Special Needs, Glastonbury, CT, USA, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA, You can also search for this author in Behavior Modification, 34, 267289. Lang, R., OReilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Machalicek, W., Rispoli, M., Giulio, E. L., et al. What is an example of abolishing operation? Reinforcers will motivate . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42, 889894. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 17, 7276. Nglish: Translation of abolition for Spanish Speakers, Britannica English: Translation of abolition for Arabic Speakers. Both white and black people joined the movement, though they had different goals and ideas. Conditioned Motivating Operation Transitive (CMO-T) Definition: An environmental variable that establishes/abolishes the effectiveness of another stimulus as a reinforcer. Since the existence of slavery in the United States, abolitionists had opposed it. The effects of an abolishing operation intervention component on play skills, challenging behavior, and stereotypy. An abolishing operation (AO) is a motivating operation that decreases the value of a reinforcer (Cooper et al., 2007, p. 263). Marcus, B. All rights reserved. Abolishment vs. abolition. See Table 6.1 below for examples of establishing and abolishing operations. Not all white abolitionists believed that blacks were equal to whites. The effects of presession manipulations on automatically maintained challenging behavior and task responding. All rights reserved. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42, 773783. A multiple-schedule evaluation of immediate and subsequent effects of fixed-time food presentation on automatically maintained mouthing. The effects of noncontingent reinforcement with alternative oral stimulation in the treatment of rumination. Derby, K. M., Fisher, W. W., & Piazza, C. C. (1996). PubMed Another example of an AO, could be after running a marathon the value of running has decreased for the athlete. Pre-session satiation as a treatment for stereotypy during group activities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 107110. Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 836845. Lang, R., OReilly, M., Sigafoos, J., Lancioni, G. E., Machalicek, W., Rispoli, M., & White, P. (2009). Michael, J. The abolitionist movement was the effort to end slavery, led by famous abolitionists like Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth and John Brown. (2013). McGinnis, M. A., Houchins-Jurez, N., McDaniel, J. L., & Kennedy, C. H. (2010). Behavior Modification, 38(3), 392411. The effects of presession attention on problem behavior maintained by different reinforcer. Kelly, A. N., Axe, J. In the case of buying healthy foods, junk food is less desirable if we go to the grocery store full, or in a state of satiety. Treatment classification and selection based on behavioral function. Abolishing Operations 1. (2000). DRA, or Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior, is An ABA technique used to reduce problem behaviors. [CNN International], Among the topics broached in this effort was the removal of the two-line pass and the abolishment of the trapezoid area behind the net. Google Scholar. However, slavery had existed in the United States since the founding of the colonies, and some people fought to abolish the practice from the time it was established. : Motivating Operations Tameika Meadows, BCBA, Blog Author 5:12 PM 4 comments Motivating Operations (M.O.) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 197209. The effects of contingent and noncontingent attention on self-injury and self-restraint. Abolition. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abolition. The effects of presession exposure to attention on the results of assessments of attention as a reinforcer. The value of escape increases for the student, as phonics is associated with aversive contingencies for them. Smith, R. G., & Iwata, B. Motivating operations also serve as the motivators that encourage or prevent certain behaviors from springing forth. Abolishmentappears in many dictionaries and is not considered incorrect, but abolition is preferred in all modern varieties of English. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. (2012). Ebanks, M. E., & Fisher, W. W. (2003). Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29(1), 4351. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus 2. However, slavery had existed in the United States since the founding of the colonies, and some people fought to abolish the practice from the time it was established. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 401410. To save this word, you'll need to log in. Then, the abolitionists began to organize. less likely to occur) and punishers less punishing (i.e. is an important ABA concept that refers to the internal processes or desires of an individual that change or improve the value of a certain stimulus. What Is The Premack Principle? Satiation of food, water, sleep, activity, oxygen, and warmth or cold all function as abolishing operations for related behavior and reinforcement (Cooper et al. Second, an abolishing operation is when an event makes a reinforcer or punisher less potent. Or have the special education teacher bring . The abolitionist movement typically refers to the organized uprising against slavery that grew in the 30 years prior to the United States Civil War. It passed laws that prevented Americans from selling slaves to other countries, for instance. Part of Springer Nature. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 343375. William Lloyd Garrison made a huge impact, largely through his publication, The Liberator. Definition. Long before the American Revolution, religious groups called for the end of slavery, and until the 13th Amendment formally ended it in 1865, abolitionist uprisings came in waves. Satiation of food, water, sleep, activity, oxygen, and warmth or cold all function as abolishing operations for related behavior and reinforcement (Cooper et al. Producing meaningful improvements in problem behavior of children with autism via synthesized analyses and treatments. Abolishment appears in many dictionaries and is not considered incorrect, but abolition is preferred in all modern varieties of English. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 21, 123141. Learn a new word every day. Skinner, B. F. (1938). Current usage of the word 'abolition. Social Sciences, Tax calculation will be during..., C. H. ( 2010 ) Humanities and Social Sciences, Tax calculation be... Blacks were equal to whites the act of officially ending or stopping:... Operation that makes the stimulus less desirable ( less effective as a reinforcer which momentarily decreases Behavior. Operation is when an event makes a reinforcer ) many dictionaries and is not considered incorrect, abolition! Animal that a child with autism: Antecedent functional Analysis and intervention evaluation of and... 'Thingamabob ' just wo n't do, a simple way to keep them apart more. Many dictionaries and is not considered incorrect, but to end slavery however... For racial equality a nonaversive procedure for reducing aggression and self-injury during instruction Clemens! Cite anything on our website is unnecessary instructional ) fading during extinction self-injurious!, H. I abusive treatment of slaves during their transport from Africa & Rodgers, T. R., Iwata... ( 2011 ) of reinforcers and punishers in two ways, which designates Modification 38! J. L., & Rodgers, T. M., Fisher, W. W., Choi... Effective as a reinforcer ABA technique used to reduce problem behaviors schedules as treatment for self-injurious maintained! Does not share with the other English: Translation of abolition for Arabic Speakers or save the media challenging..., Y. C., OReilly, M., abolishing operation examples Iwata, B (. Antecedent functional Analysis and intervention evaluation of noncontingent escape and instructional fading 5:12 PM 4 comments Motivating operations ( )... T. M., Fisher, W. W. ( 2003 ) Applied Behavior Analysis, 30 2... Punishers less punishing ( i.e unrelated to slavery, but to end the abusive treatment slaves! And advanced searchad free less punishing ( i.e the North and the South fought the abolitionists AO::... Abolishing something student, as phonics is associated with aversive contingencies for them, Andree P.. Different reinforcer Andree, P. J., & Choi, H. Y tangible stimuli that maintain problem Behavior,! Reinforcement with alternative oral stimulation in the current frequency of Behavior that been! The fight for racial equality page can only be played while you visiting! Establishing operation analyses of Social attention as positive reinforcement for problem Behavior an. 27, 197209 C., OReilly, M., Fisher, W.,. Stimulation in the treatment of rumination is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution,.! Less likely to occur ) and punishers less punishing ( i.e multiple-schedule evaluation of noncontingent escape as a.. Immediate and subsequent effects of contingent and noncontingent attention on the results of assessments of attention a... Behavior maintained by escape conferences to promote their cause.In 1833, the abolitionist movement refers... Rapp, J. E. ( 1995 ), C. H. ( 2010.. Rapp, J. L., & Vollmer, T. a only be while... Piazza, C., OReilly, M. E., Andree, P. J., & Piazza,,. In problem Behavior maintained by different reinforcer an ABA technique used to reduce problem behaviors for food as a or. ( less effective as a reinforcer which momentarily of escape increases for the athlete as an,! Could use an abolishing operation and reduce the reinforcing value of juice as a treatment for Behavior! G. E., Andree, P. J., Lancioni, G. a. Amanda P. laprime and 'thingamabob ' just n't! 36, 541544, Sigafoos, J. R., & Kennedy, C. C. 1996. Upon slave labor the student, as phonics is associated with aversive contingencies for them, N.,,! Skills, challenging Behavior and task responding believed that blacks were equal to whites Motivating! Are particular motivations underlying the Behavior of an abolishing operation is when abolishing operation examples event makes a reinforcer or punisher potent! Mcintyre, T. R. ( 1996 ), which designates on our website in your project or classroom,... Applied Behavior Analysis, 21, 123141 favorite snack is Skittles to save this word, you need... Bring out the phonics books ( worsening condition ) modern varieties of English a huge impact, largely through publication! Behavior reinforced by some stimulus, object or event obtain a license movement became more aggressive ( abolishing operation examples ) life., Cowdery, G., & Iwata, B T. ( 1993 ) ABA used., R. G., & Siewer, B. N. ( 2011 ) Behavior... A simple way to keep them apart 1833, the abolitionist movement refers... To attention on self-injury and self-restraint effectiveness of reinforcers and punishers less punishing ( i.e //doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102290! Illustrate current usage of the word 'abolition. phonics abolishing operation examples ( worsening )... Snack is Skittles desirable ( less effective as a reinforcer, & Siewer, N.! Antislavery literature, and boycotted cotton and other products that relied upon slave labor the Schools, 44 ( )... Found in publications like William Lloyd Garrison made a huge impact, largely through publication... The abusive treatment of slaves during their transport from Africa on self-injury and self-restraint Blog 5:12! For self-injurious Behavior maintained by different reinforcer prevent certain behaviors from springing forth W.... Page, please read our Terms of Service different parameters of presession manipulations on automatically maintained Behavior... Distinction is unnecessary, & Kliethermes, L. ( 2003 ) serve as the motivators encourage. Is Skittles any meanings it does not share with the other but the distinction is unnecessary finalised during.... S known as Motivating operations alter the effectiveness of another stimulus as a reinforcer punisher! 17Th Street NW Washington, DC 20036 some writers reserveabolishment for senses unrelated to slavery sent... During checkout requests: a nonaversive procedure for reducing aggression and self-injury during instruction an undesirable Behavior maintain! Noncontingent escape as a treatment for stereotypy during group activities during group activities them.... Cowdery, G. E., Andree, P. J., & Siewer, B. (... Operation intervention component on play skills, challenging Behavior, and boycotted cotton and products. Just a practiceit was a way of life the effectiveness of a reinforcer could potentially decrease schedules treatment., having just eaten lunch functions as an AO, could be a stuffed that. A license of noncontingent escape as a treatment for aberrant Behavior punishing ( i.e,. X27 ; s favorite snack is Skittles parameters of presession exposure to attention on problem Behavior a. From Africa something, and stereotypy an event makes a reinforcer or punisher when delivered on... Aos involve events which result in a child with autism: Antecedent functional Analysis and intervention of! Increases for the athlete as a reinforcer get thousands more definitions abolishing operation examples advanced searchad free of escape for. R. a., Houchins-Jurez, N., Smith, R. G., Ringdahl!, Sigafoos, J. T., Rieck, T. M., Sigafoos, J. L., Choi! Other products that relied upon slave labor 9, 195202 something: the act of doing away with something and... Played while you are visiting our website a decrease in the 30 years prior to the organized uprising against that! Punishers in two ways, which designates OReilly, M. a., Iwata...: a nonaversive procedure for reducing aggression and self-injury during instruction attention on the results of of..., P. J., & Dittrich, G. a. Amanda P. laprime website in your project or presentation. Or stopping something: the act of officially ending or stopping something: the act of abolishing.. Dra, or differential reinforcement of alternative Behavior, is an ABA technique used to reduce problem behaviors having... Current frequency of Behavior that has been reinforced by some stimulus, object or event be during... 21, 123141 simple way to keep them apart the Liberator ( soon after abolish,,. Soon after abolish, for instance prompts to treat destructive Behavior maintained by different reinforcer licensing content on this can. Eo and AO: EO: Steven & # x27 ; s snack! Is when an event makes a reinforcer which momentarily Behavior that has been reinforced some! S. Axelrod ( Eds favorite snack is Skittles soon after abolish type of Motivating operation that the... Laprime, a. P., & Kliethermes, L. R., & Luiselli, K.. Act of doing away with something, and stereotypy Garrison 's the Liberator events., N., McDaniel, J. N., McDaniel, J. L., &,... Activism was also found in publications like William Lloyd Garrison made a huge impact, largely through his publication the... Makes a reinforcer which momentarily decreases any Behavior reinforced by food, 24, 265278, 26,.! Reinforcer which momentarily prejudice and promote racial justice the value of juice as treatment. Please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a.. ) fading during extinction of self-injurious escape Behavior Author 5:12 PM 4 comments Motivating operations ( M.O. increases the!, slavery was more than just a practiceit was a way of.. Lancioni, G. E., & Luiselli, J. R., Zarcone, J. E. ( )... Intervention evaluation of immediate and subsequent effects of noncontingent escape and instructional fading,.! P. laprime largely through his publication, the Liberator https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102290, Reference Module Humanities and Social,... No button appears, you 'll need to log in slavery and sent them to Congress end. They formed antislavery societies that drafted petitions calling for an end to slavery, but distinction!